节水灌溉减氮配施生物炭对水稻光合特性与水氮利用的影响  

Effect of Water-saving Irrigation and Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Biochar Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Water and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice

作　　者：张作合 周利军 李浩宇 孔凡丹 吕项龙 ZHANG Zuohe;ZHOU Lijun;LI Haoyu;KONG Fandan;LU Xianglong(College of Agriculture and Hydraulic Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua 152061,China)

机构地区：[1]绥化学院农业与水利工程学院,绥化152061

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第7期386-395,438,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：绥化学院2021年科研启动基金项目(SQ21009);黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费一般项目(YWF10236230215)。

摘　　要：为阐明节水灌溉减氮配施生物炭对水稻光合特性及水氮利用的影响,采用田间小区试验与微区试验结合的方法,应用^(15)N示踪技术,以B0N1(不施用生物炭+常规施氮水平)作为对照,设置B1N2(减氮10%+12.5 t/hm^(2)生物炭)、B2N2(减氮10%+25 t/hm^(2)生物炭)、B1N3(减氮20%+12.5 t/hm^(2)生物炭)、B2N3(减氮20%+25 t/hm^(2)生物炭)、B1N4(减氮30%+12.5 t/hm^(2)生物炭)、B2N4(减氮30%+25 t/hm^(2)生物炭)等处理,观测水稻植株叶片的光合特性参数以及干物质积累和耗水过程,并建立光合特性参数与水分利用效率(WUE)、氮肥吸收利用率(NUE)、干物质量及产量之间的关系。结果表明:节水灌溉下适量减氮配施生物炭可以增加叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r)),减小气孔限制值(L_(s));而过量减施氮肥或施加生物炭均会增加L_(s),减小LAI、SPAD、P_n、G_(s)和T_(r);与B0N1处理相比,B1N2处理植株干物质总积累量提高14.79%,而B2N4处理降低16.02%;B1N2处理水稻NUE、产量、WUE显著高于B0N1处理(P<0.05),分别提高12.92%、9.95%、12.58%,B2N4处理水稻NUE、产量、WUE显著低于B0N1处理(P<0.05),分别降低22.87%、18.20%、5.66%;WUE与光合特性参数(除LAI-分蘖期、SPAD、T_(r)-灌浆期外)均呈显著或极显著正相关,与L_(s)均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);NUE、干物质量、产量与光合特性参数(除LAI-分蘖期、SPAD-分蘖期、T_(r)-灌浆期外)均呈显著或极显著正相关,与L_(s)均呈显著或极显著负相关。综合来看,B1N2处理最优,即节水灌溉下减施10%氮肥配施12.5 t/hm^(2)生物炭有利于提高水氮利用率和产量,研究结果可为节水灌溉减氮配施生物炭模式在寒地黑土稻田的应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。To elucidate the effects of water-saving irrigation and nitrogen reduction combined with biochar application on the photosynthetic characteristics and water and nitrogen utilization of rice,a combination of field trials test and microzone test was used.15 N tracing technology was applied,with B0N1(no biochar application+conventional nitrogen application level)as the control.B1N2(10%nitrogen reduction+12.5 t/hm^(2) biochar),B2N2(10%nitrogen reduction+25 t/hm^(2) biochar),B1N3(20%nitrogen reduction+12.5 t/hm^(2) biochar),B2N3(20%nitrogen reduction+25 t/hm^(2) biochar),B1N4(30%nitrogen reduction+12.5 t/hm^(2) biochar)and B2N4(30%nitrogen reduction+25 t/hm^(2) biochar)were set up,the photosynthetic characteristic parameters of rice plant leaves,as well as dry matter accumulation and water consumption processes,were observed,and the relationship between photosynthetic characteristic parameters and WUE,NUE,amount of dry matter,and yield was established.The results showed that under water-saving irrigation,appropriate nitrogen reduction combined with biochar application can increase leaf area index(LAI),chlorophyll content(SPAD),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),and transpiration rate(T_(r)),while reducing stomatal limitation values(L_(s)).Excessive reduction of nitrogen fertilizer or application of biochar would increase L_(s),decrease LAI,SPAD,Pn,Gs,and T_(r).Compared with B0N1 treatment,B1N2 treatment increased the total accumulation of dry matter in plants by 14.79%,while B2N4 treatment decreased that by 16.02%.The NUE,yield,and WUE of rice treated with B1N2 were significantly higher than those treated with B0N1(P<0.05),with increases of 12.92%,9.95%,and 12.58%,respectively.The NUE,yield,and WUE of rice treated with B2N4 was significantly lower than that of B0N1(P<0.05),with decreases of 22.87%,18.20%,and 5.66%,respectively;WUE and photosynthetic characteristic parameters(except LAI-tillering stage,SPAD,T_(r)-grouting stage)were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated,and we

关 键 词：稻田 节水灌溉 减氮 生物炭 光合特性 同位素示踪技术 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S14-3