6~12岁儿童速度素质距离区分化测量方法研究  

A Study on Measurement Method for Distance Differentiation of Speed Quality of Children Aged 6 to 12

作　　者：刘卫国[1] 华仙峰 刘昕岱 张新新 谢翔[1] 唐金勇[2] LIU Weiguo;HUA Xianfeng;LIU Xindai;ZHANG Xinxin;XIE Xiang;TANG Jinyong(Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,Guangxi China;Guilin Tourism University,Guilin 541004,Guangxi China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学,广西桂林541004 [2]桂林旅游学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2024年第5期98-107,共10页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：广西哲学社会科学研究课题“广西优势项目爆发力测量与训练方法研究”(项目编号:23BTY004)。

摘　　要：研究目的:拟遵循儿童生长发育规律构建以突出速度素质本质属性并适应儿童不同年龄特征的速度素质距离区分化测量方法。研究方法:主要采用极速跑运动实验,设计有一次性全力、规定时间与规定距离3类极速跑实验,主要利用分段数据拟合方法将4次连续“规定时间极速跑”最后1s的运动学参数构建个人“平均速度-距离”曲线,找出峰值平均速度对应的距离即个人速度素质适宜测量距离,再将所有个体适宜测量距离对年龄与性别进行双因素方差分析以实现测量方法分类,从而构建出儿童速度素质距离区分化测量方法体系。研究结果:儿童“一次性全力极速跑”峰值平均速度对应的时间与距离无性别差异但存在年龄差异,6~9岁无差异,9岁以上均有差异;儿童适宜测量距离无性别差异而呈现有条件的年龄差异性,6~8岁、8~10岁、10~12岁儿童适宜测量距离分别为34.44 m、39.42 m、53.80 m;以新方法测量的儿童平均速度均大于传统“50 m”跑。研究结论:6~8岁、8~10岁、10~12岁儿童速度素质应分别采用30 m、40m与50m跑进行测量,且经验证新方法更有效。Objective:This study aims to construct a distance differentiation measurement method that highlights the essential attributes of speed quality and adapts to the characteristics of speed quality of children,based on the laws of children's growth and development.Research methods:The study mainly adopted three kinds of high-speed running motion experiment including one-time all-out speed,set time,and set distance sprint experiments.By integrating multiple-unit data methods,the study constructed the"average speed-distance"curve of individuals with the kinematic parameters of the last 1 second of four consecutive set time runnings.If found out the distance corresponding to the peak average speed,namely the appropriate measurement distance of personal speed quality,and then carried out two-factor variance analysis of all individual appropriate measurement distances based on age and gender to achieve the classification of measurement methods,so as to build a distance differentiated measurement method system for children's speed quality.Results:There was no gender difference in the time and distance corresponding to the peak average speed of children's"one-time all-out speed run",but there were age differences,with no difference between 6-9 years old and differences above 9 years old.There was no gender difference in the appropriate measurement distance of children,but conditional age differences were observed.The appropriate distances for children aged 6-8,8-10 and 10-12 were 34.44m,39.42m and 53.80m,respectively.The average speed of children measured by the new method was greater than that of the traditional"5Om"run.Conclusion:The appropriate distance for measuring the speed quality of children aged 6-8,8-10,and 10-12 is 30m,40m,and 50m,respectively.Therefore,their speed quality should be measured using 30-meter,40-meter,and 50-meter runs,respectively.The new methods have been proven to be more effective.

关 键 词：儿童 速度素质 测量方法 适宜距离 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]