对伴生放射性矿液态流出物排放限值确定的思考  

Consideration on the determination of the discharge limit on liquid effluent from associated radioactive mines

作　　者：高思旖 谢树军 张爱玲 廖运璇 周进 郑国峰 GAO Siyi;XIE Shujun;ZHANG Ailing;LIAO Yunxuan;ZHOU Jin;ZHENG Guofeng(Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 102445,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京102445

出　　处：《核技术》2024年第8期43-50,共8页Nuclear Techniques

摘　　要：为减少伴生放射性矿开发利用的辐射环境影响,需要限制伴生放射性废水处理后的液态流出物排放浓度。目前只有稀土行业制定了伴生放射性废水处理后的放射性排放浓度限值,其他伴生放射性矿行业需要执行《污水综合排放标准》。由于《污水综合排放标准》中放射性排放浓度限值的科学合理性存在争议,在伴生放射性矿开发利用活动中难以执行,因此急需制定伴生放射性矿废水处理后液态流出物排放限值的标准。本文通过研究伴生放射性矿废水的放射性的种类、浓度和放射性废水处理技术,调研国内外天然放射性核素的排放浓度限值,对科学制定伴生放射性矿开发利用企业液态流出物需控制的核素种类、排放限值进行了探讨,提出可以参考铀矿冶液态流出物的排放限值来制定伴生放射性矿液态流出物排放限值的思路,为制定我国伴生放射性矿开发利用的液态流出物排放限值标准提供建议。[Background]At present,only the rare earth industry has established discharge limits for waste water generated from associated radioactive mines.Liquid effluent from associated radioactive mines industries other than rare earths should satisfy with the requirements of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(IWDS).However,discharge limits of IWDS are disputable to be implemented,hence not suitable for the development and utilization of associated radioactive mines.[Purpose]This study aims to consider the need of establishing designated standards of discharge limits on liquid effluent from related radioactive mines wastewater.[Methods]Firstly,investigation was conducted on the types and concentration of radionuclides of wastewater from associated radioactive mine,as well as the level of radioactive wastewater treatment technology.Results on the discharge limits for natural radioactive isotopes both in China and abroad were examined and compared.Then,the types of radionuclides and discharge limits to be controlled in the development and utilization of liquid effluent from associated radioactive mines were studied in a scientific manner.Finally,the method of establishing discharge limits for liquid effluents from associated radioactive mines by referring to the uranium mining and metallurgical industries was proposed.[Results&Conclusions]The specific standard on discharge limits for wastewater treatment from associated radioactive mines has a significant impact on regulating the discharge of effluent in China and reducing the radiation environmental impact of associated radioactive mines.It is reasonable to refer to the standard limits of uranium mining and metallurgy.Liquid effluent from associated radioactive mines industries other than rare earths should satisfy with the requirements of IWDS.

关 键 词：伴生放射性矿 流出物 排放 放射性废水处理 限值 

分 类 号：TL75[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]