基于激光雷达大气修正模型的卫星激光测距回波特性研究  

Satellite Laser Ranging Echo Characteristics Based on Lidar Atmospheric Correction Model

作　　者：吕柏韬 安宁[1] 韩兴伟[1] 程程 冯效华 张远达 高健[1] 宋清丽[1] 刘承志[1] Lü Botao;An Ning;Han Xingwei;Cheng Cheng;Feng Xiaohua;Zhang Yuanda;Gao Jian;Song Qingli;Liu Chengzhi(Changchun Observatory,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130117,Jilin,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Unit 93175,Chinese People's Liberation Army,Changchun 130117,Jilin,China;Unit 95975,Chinese People's Liberation Army,Jiuquan 732750,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站,吉林长春130117 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国人民解放军93175部队,吉林长春130117 [4]中国人民解放军95975部队,甘肃酒泉732750

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第12期63-70,共8页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然基金(12073052);吉林省自然科学基金(20230101006JC);中国科学院国际人才计划(2024VMA0009)。

摘　　要：卫星激光测距(SLR)平均回波光子数是表征系统探测能力的重要参数之一,与激光大气传输特性紧密联系。基于Mie散射理论,结合气溶胶粒子的实际分布情况,提出并利用激光雷达大气修正(LAC)模型计算SLR系统平均回波光子数,以长春站60 cm SLR系统为例,分析气候条件对SLR系统平均回波光子数的影响。结果表明,SLR系统平均回波光子数随地表附近能见度增大而增加,随相对湿度增大而减少。当望远镜俯仰角大于15°时,能见度对平均回波光子数的影响将超过相对湿度,并且在俯仰角为60°左右时达到峰值。阐述了气候条件影响SLR探测性能的内在机制,并为SLR系统选址与性能评估提供了新的理论方案和技术支持。Objective Laser return number is an important parameter to perform the detection ability of a satellite laser ranging(SLR)system,which is proven to be closely related to the atmospheric transmission characteristics of laser.Accurate evaluation of the laser return number in the SLR system not only provides a theoretical basis for system design and optimization but also is a key issue and primary link in the future development of SLR automation systems.In SLR system operation,the atmospheric scattering effect,atmospheric absorption effect,and atmospheric turbulence effect continuously reduce the laser energy during atmospheric channel transmission,directly affecting the size of the average laser return number in the SLR system.The influence of the atmospheric environment on photon detection becomes increasingly evident as the detection distance further increases.To effectively evaluate the average laser return number in the SLR system and explore the relationship between laser atmospheric transmission characteristics and the detection performance of the SLR system,we should analyze the atmospheric transmission characteristics of lasers.Methods Lidar atmospheric correction(LAC)model based on Mie scattering theory and actual meteorological conditions is built in our study.First,based on the tilted propagation theory of laser,the entire atmosphere transmittance at different wavelengths(450,500,550 nm)is calculated.Then,the average laser return number per unit time of the SLR system in different meteorological conditions is calculated,and the model is validated by the actual observation results of the 60 cm SLR system at Changchun Observatory.Finally,the effects of visibility and relative humidity on the average laser return number are analyzed.Results and Discussions Compared with the empirical formula adopted in conventional lidar equations,the mean average relative error of atmospheric transmittance calculated using the laser slanting revise theory decreases from 14.201%to 5.992%,which is about an order of magnitude

关 键 词：卫星激光测距 平均回波光子数 大气透过率 激光雷达方程 

分 类 号：P228.5[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]