印度殉葬寡妇的颠覆与重塑:“女英雄”与“牺牲品”之外的“迦梨女神”  

Subversion and Reshaping of Indian Satis:“Kalis”Beyond“Heroines”and“Victims”

作　　者：刘鑫 尹晶 LIU Xin;YIN Jing

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学外国语学院,北京100083

出　　处：《外语导刊》2024年第3期63-71,159,共10页Foreign Languages Bimonthly

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金规划项目“印度当代英语小说的‘边缘现实主义’研究”(22WXB004)。

摘　　要：在印度主流历史和政治话语中,殉葬寡妇要么被描述为“女英雄”,要么被描述为“牺牲品”,却未发出过自己的声音。阿米塔夫·高希和娜扬达拉·萨加尔在《罂粟海》和《像我们一样富有》中分别塑造迪提和曾祖母两个人物,为挖掘这一边缘群体的声音进行了积极探索。本文借助古哈、查特吉、南迪、斯皮瓦克等印度(印裔)学者的相关思想,深入分析两位小说人物所处的生存困境,揭示了印度父权制、英国殖民主义和印度民族主义等力量对殉葬寡妇的剥削和压迫,以及这两位殉葬寡妇展开的积极和消极反抗,认为两部小说颠覆了“女英雄”和“牺牲品”这两种传统的殉葬寡妇形象,重塑了不同的“迦梨女神”式殉葬寡妇形象,展现了她们被主流话语遮蔽或忽略的庶民意识和异质性主体经验。In the mainstream Indian historical and political discourse,satis are described as either“heroines”or“victims”without a voice of their own.In Sea of Poppies and Rich Like Us,Amitav Ghosh and Nayantara Sahgal actively explore the voices of this marginalized group through two characters:Deete and the great⁃grandmother.By drawing on the ideas mainly of the Indian scholars including Ranajit Guha,Partha Chatterjee,Ashis Nandy,and Gayatri C.Spivak,this paper conducts a thorough analysis of the existential predicaments of Deete and the great⁃grandmother,reveals the exploitation and oppression of satis by Indian patriarchy,British colonialism and Indian nationalism,as well as the active and passive resistance of the two satis,and in so doing believes the two novels subvert the two traditional images of satis as“heroines”and“victims”,and reshape diverse“Kali”⁃like satis,presenting their subaltern consciousness and heterogeneous subject experience that are concealed or ignored by the mainstream discourse.

关 键 词：印度 阿米塔夫·高希 娜扬达拉·萨加尔 罂粟海 像我们一样富有 父权制 殉葬寡妇 

分 类 号：I351.074[文学—其他各国文学]