权威与激励:中央和地方政府促进科研设施与仪器开放共享的政策比较  

Authority vs.incentives:Comparison of central and local government policies to promote openness of scientific facilities and instruments

作　　者：游玎怡 肖帅[2] 张辰[2] 文皓[3] 宋大成 郭润桐 温珂 魏强[2] 余枝 李天鸣[2] YOU Dingyi;XIAO Shuai;ZHANG Chen;WEN Hao;SONG Dacheng;GUO Runtong;WEN Ke;WEI Qiang;YU Zhi;LI Tianming(School of Public Administration,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Science and Technology Innovation and Development Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Bureau of Development and Planning,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院,成都610065 [2]中国科学院科技创新发展中心,北京100190 [3]中国科学院发展规划局,北京100864 [4]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049 [5]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2024年第8期1389-1400,共12页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72304264);中国科学院科技创新发展中心项目(2022KCZX08);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M723220)。

摘　　要：科研设施与仪器的开放共享是开放科学的题中之意,旨在提高科技资源使用效率、促进更多成果产出。政策是推动科研设施仪器开放共享的关键因素,但目前对相关政策的研究分析却较少。文章在时间—工具框架下对23份中央政策文件和65份省级政策文件进行了文本分析,凝练出强制开放和查重评议两类权威型政策工具,以及评价考核、正面和负面支付等多种激励型政策工具,揭示了省级政府沿袭和加码中央政策工具的现状。结合对高校院所调研访谈中发现的问题,提出强化使用率和产出率考核导向、分级开展查重评议、联动科研经费和开放共享、加强人才队伍建设等4点政策建议。The openness of scientific facilities and instruments is a part of open science,which can help improve the efficiency of resource utilization and promote more research outputs.Policies is a key driving force for the openness,but studies to analyze such policies are still lackluster.This study conducted a text analysis of 23 central government policies and 65 local government policies in the time-tool framework,and found two types of authority tools:mandatory openness and duplicate review,as well as various incentive tools to give positive and negative payment.It reveals that provincial governments follow and tighten the screws of authority tools from the central government,and meanwhile,carry out policy innovation in incentive tools.Based on the investigation of practice in the openness of scientific facilities and instruments,this study proposes four policy suggestions:paying more attention to the utilization rate and outputs,improving the institutional design of duplicate review at different levels,linking research funding to open sharing,and promoting talent development.

关 键 词：科研设施与仪器 权威型政策工具 激励型政策工具 中央政府 地方政府 

分 类 号：G322[文化科学]