东营凹陷张性断层发育的生命演化阶段特征及其控藏作用  

Characteristics of life-cycle stages and reservoir control in the development of extensional faults in the Dongying Sag

作　　者：籍庆佳 周维维 韩润生[1] 胡阳 JI Qingjia;ZHOU Weiwei;HAN Runsheng;HU Yang(Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Geophysical Institute,Dongying 257001,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]中石化胜利油田物探院,山东东营257001

出　　处：《地质力学学报》2024年第4期595-608,共14页Journal of Geomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41572060,42172086,41802089);云岭学者资助项目(2014);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AG050014);云南省科技厅地方本科高校基础研究联合专项面上项目(2019FH001-062);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020J0644)资助;云南省青年基金项目(202201AU070091)。

摘　　要：断层从无到有的形成过程具有隐性、显性等多个演化阶段,而断层由隐性阶段的胚胎期到显性阶段末期的老年期等各个成长阶段的判别难度很大。针对这一问题,以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷为研究对象,应用物理模拟、数值模拟等方法重现控盆边界断层-陈南断层胚胎期到老年期的全生命阶段演化过程及各阶段的固有特征;在此基础上,定性、定量判识东营凹陷主要断层的相对年龄(Relative Age,RA)以及各年龄阶段的断层活动方式,建立其控藏模式。研究结果表明:东营凹陷张扭性断层可以划分为胚胎期(0<RA≤1,微裂缝或诱导裂缝带)、幼年期(1<RA≤2,断层核形成、裂面断续相连)、青年期(2<RA≤3,板状主断面贯通、清晰断距)、壮年期(3<RA≤4,断层核两侧破碎带形成、板状-铲式断面)、老年期(4<RA≤5,坡坪式断面、派生构造复杂)和消亡期(5<RA≤6,断层停止活动或者发生反转)6个阶段;断层的活动方式与断层年龄的持续时间和活动强度有着密切的关系,稳定、持续、高强度的断层活动方式有利于断层向老年期发展。断层控藏作用研究表明:胚胎期、幼年期断层主要控制油气圈闭,青年期断层主要控制砂体和储层分布,壮年期、老年期断层控制着烃源岩的总体展布范围以及油气的运移、聚集和逸散等过程。结合优势控藏要素、油气富集程度和油气聚集规模等因素进行断层控藏能力评价,陈南断层控藏能力等级为“强”。从断层生命发育演化阶段重新认识断层的控藏能力,将有力地推动和提升断层控藏的理论研究与成熟探区的勘探水平。[Objective]Faults are among the most prevalent geological structures in oil and gas basins.Because of their significant connection to oil and gas resources,they have consistently attracted the attention of experts and scholars in the field,making them a hot research topic.Although previous researchers delved tirelessly into the correlation between faults,oil,and gas,new theoretical breakthroughs have been steadily emerging and have been used to promote advancements in oil and gas exploration.Nonetheless,there continues to be a dearth of thorough investigations into the underlying links between faults and the formation and distribution of oil and gas reservoirs,as well as methods for comprehensively and quantitatively defining the connections between faults and oil and gas.[Methods]The formation of a fault from inception encompasses multiple stages of development,including implicit and explicit stages,and differentiating the diverse growth stages of a fault,ranging from the initial embryonic stage to the terminal stage,poses a significant challenge.To address this issue,the Dongying Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin was selected as the focal point of this study.By employing physical and numerical simulation techniques,the researchers sought to replicate the entire life cycle evolution of the Chennan Fault,a basin-controlling boundary fault,from its embryonic stage to its terminal stage while elucidating the distinct characteristics of each stage.Building upon this foundation,the relative ages of the primary faults in the Dongying Depression and the various modes of fault activity at different stages were qualitatively and quantitatively determined,leading to the establishment of a reservoir-control model.[Results]The research findings indicate that normal faults tend to grow in six distinct stages:the embryonic stage(0<RA(relative age)≤1),characterized by microfractures or induced fracture zones;juvenile stage(1<RA≤2),with an intermittent connection of fault geometry;mature stage(2<RA≤3),marked by the connection of

关 键 词：张性断层 生命演化阶段 隐性-显性特征 机制和模式 砂箱实验 

分 类 号：P542[天文地球—构造地质学] P618.13[天文地球—地质学]