硅橡胶基膨胀防火封堵材料的制备与性能研究  

Preparation and Properties of Silicone Rubber-based Intumescent Fireproof Sealing Material

作　　者：孟振浩 邢海平[2] 邱健[2] 姜治伟[2] 李明罡[2] 唐涛[2] 李三喜[1] Zhen-hao Meng;Hai-ping Xing;Jian Qiu;Zhi-wei Jiang;Ming-gang Li;Tao Tang;San-xi Li(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870;State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110870 [2]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所高分子物理与化学国家重点实验室,长春130022

出　　处：《高分子学报》2024年第8期1059-1068,共10页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(项目号2021YFB3702800)资助.

摘　　要：设计了一种以室温硫化硅橡胶(SR)为基体、硅酸钠为膨胀填料、聚磷酸铵为阻燃剂的膨胀耐火体系,采用共混浇筑法制备了硅橡胶复合材料,并探究了不同模数膨胀剂对材料性能的影响.通过垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)、极限氧指数(LOI)和热重分析(TGA)测试SR复合材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能.通过膨胀性能测试和耐火性能测试测定了封堵材料的重要指标.此外,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了UL-94测试和耐火性能测试后的残炭形貌.结果表明,高模数的硅酸钠有更好的受热膨胀效果,其中2.8模硅酸钠具备最佳的膨胀耐火性能.仅添加膨胀剂的样品无法满足阻燃测试要求,但通过添加少量阻燃剂,极限氧指数可提升至30.9%,达到了垂直燃烧测试V-0等级.膨胀耐火机理研究发现,在受火时,材料外层转化为薄壁中空微球堆叠结构,形成坚固的膨胀阻隔层.同时,阻燃剂利用膨胀阻隔层高效发挥气相阻燃作用,有效提高阻燃效果.此外,所制备的样品能够达到缝隙用防火封堵材料耐火性能3 h等级.因此,硅酸钠/聚磷酸铵/硅橡胶复合材料是一种制备简单、使用方便、高效耐火的封堵材料.An intumescent fireproof sealing system with room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber(SR)as matrix,sodium silicate(NSH)as expansion filler and ammonium polyphosphate(APP)as flame retardant was designed,and the effects of different modulus expansion agents on the properties of the material were investigated.The SR composites were prepared via blending pouring method.The thermal stability and flame retardancy of SR composites were measured by vertical burning test(UL-94),limiting oxygen index(LOI)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).Moreover,the important indexes of the sealing material were characterized by expansion test and fire resistance test.The morphology of char residues after UL-94 test and fire resistance test were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results showed that the high modulus sodium silicate had better thermal expansion effect,and the 2.8 modulus sodium silicate had the best expansion fireproof performance.The sample with only expansive agent had no grade in the flame-retardant test,but by adding a small amount of flame retardant,the limiting oxygen index increased to 30.9%,and passed the UL-94 test V-0 grade.The study of mechanism found that the outer layer of the material was transformed into a thin-walled hollow microsphere stacking structure when exposed to fire,forming a strong expansion barrier layer.Concomitantly,the expansion barrier layer efficiently exerts the gas phase flame retardant effect of the flame retardant.In addition,the prepared sample can reach the 3 h level of fire sealing test for cracks.

关 键 词：封堵材料 室温硫化硅橡胶 聚磷酸铵 硅酸钠 

分 类 号：TQ333.93[化学工程—橡胶工业] TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]