国家公园生态系统服务与农牧户福祉的时空耦合分析——以祁连山国家公园为例  

Spatial-temporal coupling analysis of ecosystem service and well-being of farmers and herdsmen:A case study of Qilian Mountain National Park

作　　者：李佳桐 唐海萍 邝佛缘[3] LI Jiatong;TANG Haiping;KUANG Foyuan(School of Natural Resources,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology(ESPRE),Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Economics,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部自然资源学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [3]南京财经大学经济学院,南京210023

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第15期6527-6539,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目—生物地球化学循环与环境健康研究(STEP,2019QZKK0606);祁连山国家公园农牧民生计评估与评价指标体系研究(2021-SF-138)。

摘　　要：国家公园是国家生态安全屏障,面对生态系统服务退化与人类福祉提升的供需矛盾日益凸显的现实困境,明晰国家公园生态系统服务与人类福祉的耦合协调关系是国家公园科学管理的基础,也是可持续发展的内在需求。以祁连山国家公园为例,基于土地利用、统计年鉴和农牧户问卷调查数据,利用耦合协调模型,分析了国家公园试点建设过程中生态系统服务与农牧户福祉的耦合协调关系。结果表明:(1)国家公园建设的推进,提升了生态系统服务价值,主要贡献来源于冰川;空间上表现为能值聚集特征,高值区成片分布,低值区主要分布在西北区域。(2)农牧户福祉水平不断提升,主要体现在基本物质需求上,空间上呈现为“中间低东西高”的分异格局。(3)生态系统服务与农牧户福祉的耦合协调性有失衡趋势,主要表现为中度协调区面积下降,磨合区面积增加,超过三分之二的区域处于生态系统服务滞后于福祉发展水平;空间上,体现为严重失调区集中分布,磨合区逐渐成片,中度协调区逐步破碎化。National Parks are the ecological security barrier of the country.Under the realistic dilemma of the increasingly prominent supply-demand contradiction between the degradation of ecosystem service and the improvement of human well-being,clarifying the coupling and coordination relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being is fundamental for the scientific management of National Parks and is also a core requirement for sustainable development.Based on the data of land use,statistical yearbooks and questionnaire survey,the coupling coordination model was employed to analyze the coupling coordination relationship between ecosystem services and well-being of farmers and herdsmen during the pilot construction process of Qilian Mountain National Park.The results indicated that:(1)The promotion of National Park construction has mainly enhanced the ecosystem service value from glaciers,while the spatial energy value aggregation characteristics were characterized by high value areas distributed in patches,and low value areas mainly distributed in the northwest region.(2)The well-being level of farmers and herdsmen has been constantly improving,especially in the basic material needs;moreover,there was a spatial differentiation pattern of lower in the middle and higher in the east and west.(3)The coupling coordination between ecosystem service and the well-being of farmers and herdsmen showed an unbalanced trend,with the main characteristics were as follows:“declining moderate coordination areas,increased run-in areas,and over two-thirds of the regions where ecosystem services lagged behind the development of well-being”;furthermore,there was a spatial characteristic of“aggregation of severely unbalanced areas,gradual flaky of run-in areas,and gradual fragmentation of moderately coordinated areas”.

关 键 词：生态系统服务 农牧户福祉 耦合协调度 时空格局 祁连山国家公园 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171.1[经济管理—产业经济] F327