不同植被类型城市绿地声景特征及其影响因素  

The soundscape characteristics and influencing factors of urban green spaces with different vegetation types

作　　者：岑渝华 王鹏 黄飞 钟俊宏 叶梓轩 林声伟 胡珂 翁雷霆 胡志文 肖荣波[1] CEN Yuhua;WANG Peng;HUANG Fei;ZHONG Junhong;YE Zixuan;LIN Shengwei;HU Ke;WENG Leiting;HU Zhiwen;XIAO Rongbo(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510006 [2]广东工业大学建筑与城市规划学院,广州510006

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第15期6540-6553,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1303104);国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1301303)。

摘　　要：城市绿地是城市生物多样性的热点区域和居民主要的休闲游憩场所,掌握其声景时空变化特征及其影响因素,对于生物多样性保护与声景营造具有重要意义。前期的声景研究多聚焦于森林、自然保护区等自然植被区域的声景特征及其差异分析。然而,城市绿地内部存在的人为干扰可能会导致其呈现出不同于自然植被的声景时空特征,对于城市强干扰环境下不同植被类型的声景特征及其驱动机制研究还比较薄弱。选取广州白云山景区次生林、人工林和疏林草地3种不同植被类型,开展了为期28d的声景监测,基于6种声景指数和声景功率揭示绿地声景的时空变化特征,并利用随机森林模型和冗余分析研究环境因素和人为干扰对于声景时空格局的影响。结果表明:声学复杂度指数(ACI)的变化规律显著反映了鸟类的黎明(6:00—8:00)合唱现象,声学信号强度从人工林、次生林到疏林草地依次降低,表明适当的人为干扰提高了鸟类发声强度,过度的人为干扰限制鸟类发声;归一化差异声景指数(NDSI)显示了次生林和人工林的白天声景以生物声为主,疏林草地是人工声占主导地位;不同绿地的主导发声频段及其影响因素具有明显差异,次生林以中频生物声(4—8kHz)为主,主要受海拔(ALT)、灌木丰富度(SR)和树高多样性(THD)的正向影响;人工林多为低频生物声(2—4kHz)和高频生物声(8—11kHz)声音,其声景功率与坡度(SLO)正相关,与到硬化小道距离(DHP)负相关;疏林草地人工声(1—2kHz)较多,到硬化干道距离(DHMR)、到硬化小道距离(DHP)和非硬化小道距离(DNHP)均对其具有正向影响。研究揭示了不同植被类型的声景时空特征及其主要影响因素,为城市绿地健康声景设计和生物多样性保护提供科学参考。Urban green spaces are important hotspots for urban biodiversity and primary recreational areas for residents.Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of soundscapes and their influencing factors is of significant importance for biodiversity conservation and soundscape management.The earlier soundscape researchs primarily focused on the soundscape characteristics and their differential analysis on forests,natural reserves,and other natural vegetation areas.However,the human interferences present within urban green spaces may lead to spatiotemporal characteristics of soundscapes that differ from those of natural vegetation areas.In particular,there is insufficient understanding regarding the soundscape characteristics among different vegetation types under highly interfered urban environment,as well as the intrinsic relationships among these soundscapes,the surrounding environment,and human interferences.In this study,three different vegetation types,namely secondary forest,plantation forest,and lawn with woodland within the Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area in Guangzhou were selected for a 28 days soundscape monitoring.Spatiotemporal characteristics of soundscapes in green space were revealed based on six soundscape indices and soundscape power.Additionally,the impacts of environmental factors and human interferences on the soundscape patterns were investigated using a random forest model and redundancy analysis.Results showed that the variation pattern of the Acoustic Complexity Index(ACI)significantly reflected the dawn(6:00—8:00)chorus phenomenon of birds.The acoustic signal intensity decreased from plantation forest and secondary forest and then to lawn with woodland,indicating that appropriate human interferences enhanced the vocalization intensity of birds,while excessive human interferences restricted their vocalizations.The Normalized Difference Soundscape Index(NDSI)showed that the daytime soundscapes of the secondary forest and plantation forest were dominated by biophony,while lawn with woodland wa

关 键 词：声景 城市绿地 时空特征 植被类型 人为干扰 

分 类 号：TU985.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU112