商业让位战略:19世纪普鲁士铁路国有化的地缘政治考量  

Strategies of Commercial Concessions:Geopolitical Considerations in the Nationalization of Prussian Railroads in the Nineteenth Century

作　　者：杨于森 YANG Yusen(School of International Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100872

出　　处：《苏州科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期63-70,108,共9页Journal of Suzhou University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“乌克兰危机对大国中亚博弈的影响及我国的对策研究”(23BGJ051)。

摘　　要：19世纪,铁路市场完全竞争产生的无序与低效迫使普鲁士政府逐步将其境内铁路收为国有。普鲁士推动铁路国有化的背后包含着深刻的政治考量。铁路承载的高效运输能力在军事上体现出巨大的战略价值,却始终受累于低效的商业运营,同时,发挥铁路在战争中的快速机动作用又依赖于权力中枢的统一调度。这些因素最终导致铁路国有化成为必然。铁路国有化帮助普鲁士在统一战争中取得军事优势的同时,对普鲁士及后继德意志国家的战略抉择产生了长远影响。In the 19^(th)century,the disorder and inefficiency resulting from the complete competition in the railroad market forced the Prussian government to gradually nationalize the railroads in its territory.There were deep political considerations behind Prussia's push to nationalize the railroads.The efficient transportation capacity carried by the railroads embodied great strategic value in the military,but always suffered from inefficient commercial operations,at the same time,the role of the railroads in the rapid mobility of the war is dependent on the unified dispatch of the center of power.These factors eventually led to the inevitable nationalization of the railroads.The nationalization of the railroads,while helping Prussia to achieve military superiority in its war of unification,had a long-term impact on the strategic choices of Prussia and the succeeding German states.

关 键 词：普鲁士 铁路国有化 铁路战略 地缘政治 弗里德里希·李斯特 

分 类 号：K516[历史地理—历史学]