蒙陕接壤区典型煤层开采顶板周期性变形破坏及涌水响应特征  

Periodic roof deformation and failure and associated water inflow characteristics during the mining of typical coal seams in the Inner Mongolia-Shaanxi contiguous area

作　　者：周振方 董书宁 董阳 罗生虎[6] 薛建坤 王治宙 王淑璇 尚宏波 王甜甜 王昱同 王同 ZHOU Zhenfang;DONG Shuning;DONG Yang;LUO Shenghu;XUE Jiankun;WANG Zhizhou;WANG Shuxuan;SHANG Hongbo;WANG Tiantian;WANG Yutong;WANG Tong(College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710077,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Preventing and Control Technology for Coal Mine Water Hazard,Xi’an 710077,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration in the Middle of Yellow River Basin,Xi’an 710077,China;Ecological Environmental Impact Assessment Institute,Shaanxi Modern Architecture Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710024,China;College of Sciences,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;College of Energy Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [2]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西西安710077 [3]陕西省煤矿水害防治技术重点实验室,陕西西安710077 [4]陕西省“四主体一联合”黄河流域中段矿区(煤矿)生态环境保护与修复校企联合研究中心,陕西西安710077 [5]陕西省现代建筑设计研究院有限公司生态环境一所,陕西西安710024 [6]西安科技大学理学院,陕西西安710054 [7]煤炭科学研究总院,北京100013 [8]西安科技大学能源学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2024年第8期101-110,共10页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金专项重点项目(2022-2-TD-ZD005);陕西省青年科技新星项目(2023KJXX-094);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2023-JC-ZD-27);国家自然科学基金项目(41807221)。

摘　　要：【目的】煤矿开采扰动破坏覆岩含/隔水层结构,造成集中涌水,影响矿井安全生产。【方法】以面临典型顶板砂岩水影响的蒙陕接壤区主采煤层3-1煤开采涌水过程为研究对象,采用物理相似材料模拟、数值仿真模拟、现场原位监测3种方法,并通过周边地质和开采条件相似矿井实测数据对比,分析3-1煤典型工作面开采煤体支承压力周期性演变规律、采空区覆岩垂直位移演变规律,定量获取实验室尺度顶板周期来压瞬间微震能量事件变化特征,综合确定顶板导水裂隙带随采发育特征,以及顶板涌水随覆岩周期来压变化趋势。【结果和结论】结果表明:工作面开采覆岩初次来压步距约40 m,周期性来压步距12~28 m,覆岩破断瞬间围岩周期性来压呈现“先增后稳定”的趋势,在推进至第5次周期来压(推进距离约140 m)时,超前支承压力达到最大,覆岩周期性来压、破断瞬间垂直位移峰值随采呈现“之”字型变化特征,同样,位移监测数据、微震事件总能量、事件频次等综合指标指示,在第5次周期来压瞬间,覆岩垂直位移变幅达到最大值,塑性区发育高度基本稳定;导水裂隙带发育最大高度在120 m左右,将直接沟通顶板直罗组砂岩含水层,地下水随采涌入过程呈现两种波动变化趋势,工作面全局尺度上呈现长周期“阶梯式”增长趋势,“阶梯式”增长周期约800 m,局部尺度呈现短周期“振荡”变化趋势,振荡周期16~48 m,并表现出与覆岩来压周期之间的较强关联性。研究结果为工作面涌水量预测以及防排水系统布设提供参考。[Objective]The disturbance of coal mine mining damages the aquifer/aquiclude structures of the overburden,causing concentrated water inflow and further affecting safe production in mines.[Methods]Using methods of the physical simulation of similar materials,numerical simulation,and on-site in situ monitoring,this study investigated the water inflow during the mining of the dominant 3-1 coal seam,typically influenced by water in sandstones on the coal seam roof,in the Inner Mongolia-Shaanxi contiguous area.By comparing the measured data of mines with similar geological and mining conditions in the surrounding area,this study delved into the periodic evolutionary patterns of both the coal support pressure and the vertical displacement of the overburden in the goaf during the mining of typical mining faces of the 3-1 coal seam.Accordingly,this study quantitatively analyzed the variations of microseismic events at the moment of periodic roof weighting on the laboratory scale.Finally,this study comprehensively determined the development characteristics of the hydraulically conductive fracture zones on the coal seam roof with mining,along with the trend of water inflow from the roof varying with the periodic weighting of the overburden.[Results and Conclusions]Key findings are as follows:(1)With the mining face advancement,the overburden exhibited a step distance of about 40 m in the initial weighting and of 12-28 m in periodic weighting.At the moment of the overburden fracturing,the periodic weighting of surrounding rocks first increased and then stabilized.As the mining face advanced to the fifth periodic weighting(advancement distance:140 m),the advanced support pressure peaked,with the peak vertical displacement of the overburden at the moment of both periodic weighting and fracturing showing zigzag-shaped variations with coal mining.Similarly,comprehensive indicators,such as displacement monitoring data,total energy of microseismic events,and event frequency,indicate that at the moment of the fifth periodic weight

关 键 词：蒙陕接壤区 水害防治 涌水量变化 顶板破坏 周期来压 数值模拟 微震 

分 类 号：TD742[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]