梯度结构金属材料的制备方法和力学性能研究进展  

Progress in the Preparation Methods and Mechanical Properties of Gradient-Structured Metallic Materials

作　　者：高瑞泽 王亚强 张金钰[1] 杨红艳[2] 刘刚[1] 孙军[1] GAO Ruize;WANG Yaqiang;ZHANG Jinyu;YANG Hongyan;LIU Gang;SUN Jun(State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory,Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610213,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室,西安710049 [2]中国核动力研究设计院反应堆燃料及材料重点实验室,成都610213

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第15期13-24,共12页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(92163201,U2067219,52001247);陕西省青年创新团队科研计划项目(22JP042);陕西省青年创新团队科研计划项目(22JP042);陕西省科技创新团队项目(2024RS-CXTD-58)。

摘　　要：金属结构材料是保障国防建设、航空航天和机械工程等领域快速发展的物质基础,向其中引入梯度组织可以使不同尺寸的结构单元相互协调作用,突破单一均质材料的性能短板,有效改善金属材料的综合服役性能。本文围绕近几年国内外梯度结构金属材料的相关研究和进展,首先介绍了梯度结构金属材料的制备方法和工艺原理,并总结了其优点与局限性;其次对梯度金属材料的微观组织结构进行了阐释,论述了梯度结构金属材料的服役性能特点,包括强度、塑性、摩擦磨损性能、疲劳损伤性能和耐腐蚀性能,提出了调控梯度结构金属材料服役性能的优化策略;最后对其未来研究方向和面临的挑战进行了展望。Structural metal materials are the foundation for guaranteeing the rapid development of national defense construction,aerospace,and mechanical engineering fields.Introducing the gradient microstructure into it could make the structural units with different size produce mutual coordination,breaking through the performance shortcomings of the homogeneous materials and effectively improving the comprehensive service properties of metal materials.Focused on the domestic and international investigations and progress of gradient-structured metal materials in recent years,this paper firstly introduced the preparation methods and the process principles with summarizing their advantages and limitations for gradient-structured metals.Then,the microstructure of gradient-structured metals was analyzed,and the characteristics of service performance were discussed,including the strength,plasticity,friction and wear property,fatigue damage performance and corrosion resistance.Moreover,some optimization strategies were proposed for manipulating the service performance of gradient-structured materials.Finally,the development of future research direction and the faced challenges were prospected.

关 键 词：梯度结构金属材料 微观组织 制备方法 力学性能 疲劳性能 腐蚀性能 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]