通过仿生矿化修复人体牙齿结构  

Human Tooth Structures Restoration by Biomineralization

作　　者：潘二才 姜志超 黄嘉辉 马玉荣 PAN Ercai;JIANG Zhichao;HUANG Jiahui;MA Yurong(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学化学与化工学院,北京100081

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第15期106-118,共13页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21877009)。

摘　　要：牙齿结构损伤、缺失导致的龋齿和牙齿过敏等问题严重影响了人们的日常生活。众多学者针对这些问题提出了各式各样的解决方案,但是最终结果与原生牙齿结构相比还是不尽人意。生物矿化是研究生物体内的硬组织(如牙齿、骨骼和贝壳等)的形成过程。一般地,这类硬组织是由有机生物分子调控无机矿物形成的多级、有序且能供生命体实现特定功能的有机-无机复合材料。近年来许多研究人员通过模拟牙齿自然矿化的过程,仿生设计和合成出人工纳米材料来修复牙釉质、牙本质等牙齿结构的方法取得了重要成效。与传统的使用激光、有机粘合剂等修复手段相比,仿生矿化方法所修复的牙齿部位在组成、结构和力学性能上与原生牙齿相近,具有无损、生物兼容、抗菌防污等优点。因此仿生矿化方法有望从根本上解决牙齿结构修复的难题。现对牙齿结构、牙齿脱敏治疗方法、牙齿结构仿生再矿化和牙齿修复材料的研究现状及进展进行综述。Dentin hypersensitivity,dental caries,and tooth wear and fracture severely influence human daily life.A lot of strategies have been applied to solve these problems by different researchers.Biomineralization refers to the processes by which organisms form hard tissues(such as teeth,bone,and shells et al.).Generally,these hard tissues are regular,hierarchically structured,and functional organic-inorganic composites which formed by biomacromolecules controlling the nucleation and growth of inorganic minerals.Recently,many researchers mimic the natural development and biomineralization of teeth to regenerate and repair the natural hard dental tissues,which have great importance in biomedical applications.The biomimetic restorative approach can restore the tooth to its natural state in composition,structure,and mechanical properties compared with traditional restoration such as using lasers and organic bonding agents.What’s more,it is harmless,biocompatible,and can combine with antibacterial and anti-fouling properties.Therefore,the biomimetic restorative approach will fundamentally solve these dental problems.Here we review recent progress towards tooth structure,desensitization,remineralization,and its restorative materials.

关 键 词：生物矿化 纳米材料 牙齿过敏 牙釉质 牙本质 

分 类 号：O69[理学—化学]