国家公园访客生态信用概念与体系建构  

Concept and system construction of ecological credit for national park visitors

作　　者：王静玮 章锦河[1,2,3] 薛华菊 李爱青[5] 杨良健 WANG Jingwei;ZHANG Jinhe;XUE Huaju;LI Aiqing;YANG Liangjian(School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Huangshan Park Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Education,Huangshan 245899,China;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Xining 810016,China;School of Economics and Management,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210023 [2]黄山国家公园生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,黄山245899 [3]高原科学与可持续发展研究院,西宁810016 [4]青海师范大学经济管理学院,西宁810008 [5]青海师范大学地理科学学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《国家公园（中英文）》2024年第6期373-382,共10页Natinonal Park

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42271251);国家自然科学基金地区项目(42361038)。

摘　　要：生态旅游是国家公园生态价值转化和实现全民共享的主要途径,建立高效、合理、有序的国家公园访客制度是推动国家公园生态旅游高质量发展的重要保障,而构建国家公园访客生态信用体系是生态旅游访客制度建立的基础。在对中国当前社会发展背景分析、相关概念梳理辨析和对现有研究回顾的基础上,提出国家公园访客生态信用的概念并探讨其必要性和可行性。研究认为:(1)建立国家公园访客生态信用体系符合生态文明要求、传统文化诉求、生态访客追求、公园特许制度需求,是我国社会信用体系建设在生态领域的重要构成,符合中国式现代化建设对公民的要求,具有必要性。(2)构建国家公园访客生态信用体系面临“生态信用准入”、“生态信用监测”、“访客权利尊重”、“访客隐私保护”等四方面的学理与实践基础,生态信用应当作为国家公园访客准入的前置条件,主要关注访客在公园内的生态行为,信用数据的获取应建立在访客自愿的基础之上,具有可行性。(3)国家公园访客生态信用可以从生态素质、生态规范、生态行为等三个维度进行度量,具有可操作性。(4)生态信用评价、等级划分、准入评定是构建与实施国家公园访客生态信用制度的三个重要环节,是一项长期的系统性工程,未来应在完善政策与法规、广泛应用大数据技术、以及培育社会文化生态等方面不断着力。Since ecotourism is the core way to transform the ecological value of national parks and share it with citizens,it is necessary to establish an efficient,reasonable and orderly national park visitor system to promote the high⁃quality development of national park ecotourism.Furthermore,the construction of ecological credit system for national park visitors is the basis for the establishment of the ecotourism visitor system.By analyzing the current social development background in China,sorting out relevant concepts and reviewing existing research,the concept of ecological credit for national park visitors is proposed and its necessity and feasibility are discussed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The establishment of an ecological credit system for national park visitors is in line with the requirement of ecological civilization,the demand for traditional culture,the pursuit of ecotourism visitors,and the request for national park concession system.As a significant component of the construction of China′s social credit system construction in the ecological field,it meets the requirements of Chinese⁃style modernization for citizens.Thus,it is of obvious necessity.(2)The construction of ecological credit system for national park visitors faces the theoretical and practical foundations of four aspects:“ecological credit access”,“ecological credit monitoring”,“respect for the rights of visitors”,and“privacy protection of visitors”.Ecological credit should be used as a prerequisite for visitor access to national parks,focusing mainly on visitors′ecological behavior in the park.The acquisition of credit data should be based on a voluntary approach by visitors.Therefore,it is feasible.(3)The ecological credit for national park visitors can be measured from the three dimensions of ecological quality,ecological norms,and ecological behavior.Thereby,it is operable.(4)Ecological credit evaluation,grading,and access assessment are the three key links in the construction and implementation of the

关 键 词：国家公园 访客生态信用 生态旅游 社会信用体系 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]