社会网络视阈下鼓岭近代避暑地文化景观形成机制研究  

Research on the Formation Mechanism of the Cultural Landscape of Kuliang Modern Summer Resortfrom the Perspective of Social Network

作　　者：林轶南 周天懿 李婧 LIN Yinan;ZHOU Tianyi;LI Jing(School of Art Design and Media,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai,China,200237)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学艺术设计与传媒学院,上海200237

出　　处：《园林》2024年第9期39-47,共9页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“闽江流域近代外人避暑地的历史景观特征及其演变研究”(编号:20YJC760054)。

摘　　要：外侨避暑地是中国近代形成的一种特殊的文化景观,其整体布局和房屋选址不仅体现了外侨对自然环境的认知和审美,同时也是住民社会网络的投影,但以往研究对社会关系的关注较少。以福州鼓岭避暑地为研究对象,从历史文献中提取房屋分布和住民的社会关系,借助空间可达性分析(Accessibility Analysis)、社会网络分析(Social Network Analysis)和二次指派程度(Quadratic Assignment Procedure)相关分析工具,探讨房屋分布和住民社会关系的相关性。研究发现:(1)鼓岭避暑地的空间“中密外疏”,公共建筑集中的区域可达性较高;(2)鼓岭避暑别墅选址有明显的“人以群分”特征,宗派和行业的影响尤为突出;(3)鼓岭的住民社群有显著的小世界特征,且存在具有吸引力的关键人物;(4)地理位置相近的房屋,其主人之间通常存在更紧密的社会关系。研究结果表明:鼓岭的空间关系与社会关系在结构上存在耦合,鼓岭避暑地是外侨社会关系建构下形成的特殊文化景观。研究成果已应用于鼓岭的保护与利用,并为揭示空间与社会关系之间的联系、认识文化景观的形成机制提供了新的思路。Summer resorts for foreign residents are a unique cultural landscape that has emerged in modern China.The layout of the summer resort,as well as its cottage location,not only shows as a reflection of foreign residents'cognition and appreciation of the natural environment but also a projection of their social network.However,limited attention has been paid to the study of social relations.Taking the Kuliang summer resort in Fuzhou as the research object,this paper extracted the cottage distribution and the social relations of residents from historical documents,explored the correlation between these two factors through Accessibility Analysis,Social Network Analysis,and Quadratic Assignment Procedure,and drew a relationship map of the house and the people.The results show that:(I)The spatial relationship is coupled with the social relationship in Kuliang and is also affected by the special needs of the residents;(2)There are attractive"key people"among the residents,so the house layout has a significant characteristic of"dividing people into groups,";(3)The owners of cottages with geographical adjacency are usually closer in social relations.In conclusion,the Kuliang summer resort is a characteristic cultural landscape formed under the construction of foreign residents'social relations.

关 键 词：文化景观 社会网络分析 近代避暑地 形成机制 鼓岭 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]