基于行为观察法的城市公园老携幼人群游憩行为与环境特征研究——以福州温泉公园为例  

Research on Recreation Behavior of Elderly Carrying Child and Environment Characteristics in Urban Parks Using Behavior Observation Method:Taking Fuzhou Hot Spring Park as an Example

作　　者：刘佳欣 吴晨虹 李房英[1] 邱淇钰 LIU Jiaxin;WU Chenhong;LI Fangying;QIU Qiyu(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Fujian Agriculture of Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian,China,350100;School of Design,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong,China,999077)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学风景园林与艺术学院,福州350028 [2]香港理工大学设计学院,中国香港999077

出　　处：《园林》2024年第9期89-98,共10页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：福州市科技计划项目“公园绿地康复景观建设技术集成与示范”(编号:2021-S-207);福建省社会科学规划项目青年项目“基于计算机视觉的城市绿道宜跑品质评价方法研究”(编号:FJ2021C069)。

摘　　要：在人口老龄化与多孩生育政策的相互作用下,隔代抚育成为当前中国社会的普遍现象,老携幼出行的现象也随之增加。现有研究多从单一人群视角出发,缺乏对该类特殊人群的整体考虑。以福州温泉公园为例,通过游憩行为观察法对老携幼群体的游憩行为进行调查与分析,总结环境特征影响因子,探究行为与环境特征之间的关联性,结果表明:依据儿童的行为能力水平将老携幼人群分为老年人主导型、老年人辅助型、儿童独立型三类,三类组合在出行规律、行为特征、空间分布上存在差异性;根据样地特征,从游憩设施水平、休憩服务设施水平、活动场地水平、自然要素水平4个维度,归纳出14项环境特征因子;对环境—行为进行相关性分析后发现,休闲游憩类行为主要与游憩设施水平相关,通行散步类与体育健身类行为主要与活动场地水平显著相关,社会交往类行为仅与社交氛围相关。Under the interaction of population aging and multi-child policy,intergenerational parenting has become a common phenomenon in China,and the phenomenon of elderly carrying children has also increased.Most existing studies focus on the perspective of a single population and lack the overall consideration of this special group.Taking Fuzhou Hot Spring Park as an example,this paper investigates and analyzes the recreational behaviors of the elderly carrying child groups through the recreational behavior observation method,summarizes the factors affecting environmental characteristics,and explores the correlation between behaviors and environmental characteristics.The results show that according to the child's behavioral ability level,the population was divided into three categories,elderly-dominated,elderly-assisted,and child-independent;the travel rules,behav ioral characteristics,and spatial distribution of the three types are different.According to the characteristics of the sample site,14 environmental characteristic factors were summarized from four dimensions:recreation facility level,leisure service facility level,activity site level,and natural element level.After the correlation analysis of environment-behavior,it is found that leisure and recreation behaviors are mainly related to the level of recreation facilities,walking and sports fitness behaviors are mainly related to the level of activity venues,and social interaction behaviors are only related to social atmosphere.

关 键 词：城市公园 老携幼群体 核密度估算法 社区玩耍与游憩观察系统 环境行为 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]