兰州大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of metal elements in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Lanzhou

作　　者：马程杰 王宇红[2] 秦敏丽 徐菁郁[2] 成震香 苏利民[2] MA Cheng jie;WANG Yuhong;QIN Minli;XU Jingyu;CHENG Zhenxiang;SU Limin(Collage of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Lanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州市疾病预防控制中心,兰州730030

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2024年第3期474-486,共13页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：甘肃省绿洲资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室开放课题资助项目(GORS202301)。

摘　　要：大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素污染不仅影响兰州市的环境质量,还危害人体健康。2020年在兰州市城关区和西固区采集大气PM_(2.5)样品,测定PM_(2.5)中10种金属元素浓度,分析样品中金属元素浓度特征,利用正定矩阵因子模型(PMF)确定污染来源,使用美国环保局(EPA)暴露模型进行健康风险评价。结果显示:城关区、西固区大气PM_(2.5)年平均质量浓度为48.21μg·m^(-3)、49.33μg·m^(-3),高于国家环境空气质量二级标准的年均浓度限值(35μg·m^(-3))。城关区、西固区10种金属元素浓度总和分别为241.03 ng·m^(-3)、296.80 ng·m^(-3),其中Al、Mn、Pb都是两区主要的金属元素组分。两区均以工业/扬尘混合源为主要污染来源,工业源和燃煤/机动车混合污染源也占一定比例。两区各金属元素均不具备非致癌风险;此外,Cr、Ni、As和Cd的致癌风险指数均未超过10^(-4),因此,兰州市大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素通过呼吸途径的致癌风险在可接受范围内。可见,应加强对工业、扬尘源的治理,从而改善大气质量和确保人体健康安全。Background,aim,and scope In the northwest region of China,Lanzhou City serves as a significant industrial hub,characterized by substantial pollutant emissions.The combination of spring dust storms,winter heating activities,and terrain that impedes pollutant dispersion makes the city prone to severe air pollution events.This study analyzes the concentrations of 10 metal elements in PM_(2.5)within Chengguan District and Xigu District of Lanzhou City in 2020.The research aims to elucidate the pollution characteristics and conduct a health risk assessment of these metal elements.The findings offer a scientific basis for developing strategies to control air pollution in Lanzhou City and contribute to the improvement of the atmospheric environment.Materials and methods A medium-f low atmospheric particulate sampler was employed to collect samples from Chang jiaxiang Primary School in Chengguan District and Yumenjie Primary School in Xigu District over a one-year period,with a sampling height of 10 m.Quartz filter membranes were utilized to capture fine particulate matter.Following microwave digestion of PM_(2.5)samples,Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP/MS)was used to quantify the concentrations of 10 metal elements in PM_(2.5).The data were analyzed using positive matrix factorization(PMF)models to identify pollution sources,and U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)exposure models were applied for health risk assessment.Results The average annual mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)in Chengguan District and Xigu District were 48.21μg∙m^(-3)and 49.33μg∙m^(-3),respectively.The total concentrations of the 10 analyzed metal elements were 241.03 ng∙m^(-3)in Chengguan District and 296.80 ng∙m^(-3)in Xigu District,with Al,Mn,and Pb being the predominant components in both regions.Analysis using PMF model identified four primary pollution sources in Chengguan District:industrial sources,coal/motor vehicle mixed sources,agricultural sources,and industrial/dust mixed sources.In Xigu District,three main pol

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 金属元素 污染特征 PMF模型 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4