西安市2019年秋冬季PM_(2.5)中金属来源解析及健康风险评价  

Source apportionment and health risk assessment of metals in PM_(2.5) during autumn-winter of 2019 in Xi’an City

作　　者：张永乐 李海红[1] 张英良 刘凡 张宁宁[4] ZHANG Yongle;LI Haihong;ZHANG Yingliang;LIU Fan;ZHANG Ningning(College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China;Chang’an Branch of Xi’an Ecological Environment Bureau,Xi’an 710100,China;Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research,Xi’an 710061,China;Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry&Physics,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院,西安710048 [2]西安市生态环境局长安分局,西安710100 [3]西安地球环境创新研究院,西安710061 [4]中国科学院地球环境研究所中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室,西安710061

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2024年第3期487-497,共11页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划(XAB2021YN06)。

摘　　要：为进行西安市秋冬季PM_(2.5)中金属元素来源解析及健康风险评价,采集2019年10月至2020年1月的PM_(2.5)颗粒物样品,实验分析样品中PM_(2.5)及8种金属元素浓度。结果表明:采样期间西安市PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为99.44μg·m·3,是国家环境空气质量二级标准值的1.3倍,世界卫生组织指导标准值的6.6倍;金属元素浓度大小依次为Al>Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu>As>Cr>Ni。随着污染等级增加,Pb增幅最大,Cr增幅最小。富集因子结果表明重金属元素浓度受人为污染影响明显,Pb和Zn因子高达194.9和172.2。相关性分析表明Zn-Mn-Cu、As-Pb存在较强相关性。PMF源解析结果表明PM_(2.5)中金属元素的主要来源为扬尘源、交通源、燃煤源和工业源,贡献率分别为42.6%、29.6%、24.6%和3.2%。利用EPA健康风险暴露模型评估金属元素对成人和儿童的非致癌及致癌风险水平,发现Cr对成人存在致癌风险,As对儿童具有非致癌风险。成人的致癌风险主要途径为呼吸吸入,儿童则为手口摄入途径。燃煤源对成人和儿童的非致癌风险及致癌风险贡献较大。Background,aim,and scope In recent years,PM_(2.5) has become one of the most severe air pollutants worldwide and an essential factor in forming“smog”during the autumn-winter period.Xi’an,an important city in terms of economy and culture in China,suffers from heavy air pollution events in autumn and winter,seriously affecting local people’s health.Therefore,conducting a metal source and health risk assessment of PM_(2.5) in Xi’an during autumn and winter is essential to control air pollution and reduce human health threats.Materials and methods PM_(2.5) filter samples were collected from October 2019 to January 2020 in Xi’an City,and the concentrations of eight metal elements(Al,Cr,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,and Pb)were analyzed.Combined with enrichment factor and correlation analysis,the source analysis of metal elements was conducted through the positive matrix factorization model(PMF).Finally,the EPA health risk model and PMF analysis results were used to evaluate the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of metallic elements in adults and children.Results During the sampling period,the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5) in Xi’an was 99.44μg∙m^(-3),and the enrichment factors of Zn(172.2)and Pb(194.9)among the eight metal elements were high.The correlation between Zn-Mn(0.85),Mn-Cu(0.67)and Cu-Zn(0.66)was significant.The sources of the eight metal elements were dust,traffic,coal-burning,and industrial sources,with their contributions being 42.6%,29.6%,24.6%,and 3.2%.The respiratory inhalation pathway is the main pathway of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk in adults,and the main path of carcinogenic risk in children is hand-mouth ingestion.The primary sources of non-carcinogenic risk for adults and children from metals in PM_(2.5) in Xi’an in the autumn and winter of 2019 were traffic and coal-burning sources,while the primary sources of carcinogenic risk were dust and coal-burning sources and industrial sources.Discussion During the sampling period,the average mass concentration of PM_(2.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 金属 来源解析 健康风险 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4