便携式呼出气冷凝液采集装置的设计  

Design of portable collection device for exhaled breath condensate

作　　者：向安 周磊 纪奇峰 李远辙 汪钦 朱诗曼 彭婕 雷小英 李维娜 汪莉 郭晏海 卢兹凡 XIANG An;ZHOU Lei;JI Qi-feng;LI Yuan-zhe;WANG Qin;ZHU Shi-man;PENG Jie;LEI Xiao-ying;LI Wei-na;WANG Li;GUO Yan-hai;LU Zi-fan(Pharmacy School of Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China;The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China;Military Biomedical Engineering School of Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学药学系,西安710032 [2]空军军医大学第一附属医院检验科,西安710032 [3]空军军医大学军事生物医学工程学系,西安710032

出　　处：《医疗卫生装备》2024年第8期32-37,共6页Chinese Medical Equipment Journal

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金项目(2023-JC-YB-734);军队科研项目(2020SWAQ06)。

摘　　要：目的:为满足人呼吸道(尤其下呼吸道)感染快速筛查的需要,研制一种基于自然呼吸方式的便携式呼出气冷凝液(exhaled breath condensate,EBC)采集装置。方法:该装置由制冷单元、散热单元和冷凝单元组成。制冷单元采用TES1-7102型Peltier效应制冷半导体作为制冷元件;散热单元由高导热铝质散热片和高速无刷散热风扇组成;冷凝单元由导冷板和冷凝器组成,其中,导冷板为合金铝薄片,冷凝器采用3D打印技术制备,材质为疏水性聚乳酸,具有主、次2级导流槽以及超薄冷凝表面。为验证该装置的性能,进行制冷、导热和冷凝性能分析及人EBC采集和内容物分析。结果:制冷、导热和冷凝性能分析结果表明,开启制冷后,该装置的冷凝器表面温度与人呼出气的温差可达到冷凝所需温差,且冷凝表面未形成明显热阻,人呼出气在冷凝表面发生气-液相变后可快速形成较大液滴便于采集。人EBC采集及内容物分析结果表明,该装置可实现各个年龄段人群EBC的居家自采集,且采集的EBC样本中白细胞介素、C反应蛋白等炎症相关指标的浓度及pH值与受试者呼吸道感染相关。结论:该装置操作简单,可避免吹气式采集的不适感和唾液污染的风险,在呼吸道感染等相关疾病的快速诊疗和动态监测方面具有较好的应用价值。Objective To develop a portable collection device of human exhaled breath condensate(EBC)based on natural breathing to meet the needs for rapid screening of human respiratory tract(especially lower respiratory tract)infections.Methods The device consisted of a refrigeration unit,a heat dissipation unit and a condensation unit.The refrigeration unit adopted a TES1-7102 thermoelectric Peltier cooler semiconductor as the refrigeration element;the heat dissipation unit was composed of a high thermal conductivity aluminum heat sink and a high-speed brushless cooling fan;the condensation unit was made up of a cold guide plate and a condenser,in which the cold guide plate was made of thin sheet of aluminum alloy,and the condenser was prepared by 3D printing technology and made of hydrophobic polylactic acid,with primary and secondary 2-stage guide grooves and an ultra-thin condensing surface.The performance of the device was verified in terms of cooling,thermal conductivity,condensation and human EBC collection and content analysis.Results Performance analysis showed that after refrigeration began the temperature difference between the condenser surface and the exhaled gas met the requirements of the condenser,and no obvious thermal resistance was found on the condensing surface so that large droplets could be formed rapidly and then be collected after the gas-liquid phase change of the exhaled gas on the condensing surface.Human EBC collection and content analysis indicated the device realized home self-collection of EBCs from people of all ages,and the concentrations of interleukins,C-reactive protein and other inflammation-related indexes and the pH value of the collected EBC samples were all correlated with respiratory infections in the subjects.Conclusion The device developed with easy operation avoids the discomfort of blowing collection and the risk of saliva contamination,and is worthy promoting for rapid diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of respiratory tract infection and other related diseases.

关 键 词：呼出气冷凝液 呼出气冷凝液采集装置 冷凝器 呼吸道感染 

分 类 号：R318.6[医药卫生—生物医学工程] TH789[医药卫生—基础医学]