考虑游隙变化的圆柱滚子轴承疲劳寿命分析  

Fatigue life analysis of cylindrical roller bearings considering clearance variation

作　　者：张珂 胡凌宽 阎卫增 ZHANG Ke;HU Lingkuan;YAN Weizeng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China;Shanghai Renben Group Bearing Technology R&D Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201411,China)

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术大学机械工程学院,上海201418 [2]上海人本集团轴承技术研发有限公司,上海201411

出　　处：《机电工程》2024年第8期1317-1329,共13页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11672186)。

摘　　要：针对传统的轴承寿命计算方法难以探究工作径向游隙对圆柱滚子轴承寿命的影响问题,提出了一种圆柱滚子轴承工作游隙的理论计算模型和考虑工作径向游隙的轴承寿命计算模型。首先,研究了过盈配合、离心力、温度、径向载荷、动压润滑油膜对径向游隙的影响机制,建立了圆柱滚子轴承工作游隙理论计算模型;然后,根据轴承工作游隙理论计算模型,将最大滚动体载荷与轴承工作游隙联系起来,建立了考虑工作径向游隙的轴承寿命计算模型;最后,以SFW250-8/850卧式水力发电机主轴上的圆柱滚子轴承SKF N324为研究对象,针对标准中定义的五个原始径向游隙组,根据轴承工作游隙理论计算模型计算得到了五个工作径向游隙组,再根据考虑工作径向游隙的轴承寿命计算模型,分析了五个工作径向游隙组的载荷分布和寿命,以此确定最佳工作游隙组,模型结果与ISO/TS 16281:2008计算结果、RomaxDesigner仿真结果作对比,验证了计算模型的可靠性。研究结果表明:过盈配合对轻载和中载条件下轴承的径向游隙影响最大,变化量分别为-30.768μm和-16.413μm;温度对重载条件下轴承的径向游隙影响最大,变化量为-16.866μm;轻载工况下游隙值为-43μm时,承担载荷的滚子数量为9个,寿命达到最大值48187 h,径向游隙的变化会影响轴承接触应力分布和受载滚子数量,进而影响轴承的寿命,不同载荷下轴承的最佳工作游隙值不同;轴承寿命计算模型的计算结果与ISO/TS 16281:2008的计算结果误差为3.48%,与Romax仿真结果误差为4.71%。该模型更贴近实际工况,可为轴承设计提供参考,并可根据实际工况选择合适的游隙来延长轴承使用寿命。Aiming at the traditional bearing life calculation method which is difficult to investigate the influence of working radial clearance on the life of cylindrical roller bearings,a theoretical calculation model of the working clearance of cylindrical roller bearings and a bearing life calculation model considering the working radial clearance were proposed.Firstly,after studying the influence mechanism of interference fit,centrifugal force,temperature,radial load and dynamic pressure lubricant film on radial clearance,the theoretical calculation model of cylindrical roller bearing working clearance was established.Then,according to the theoretical calculation model of bearing working clearance,the bearing life calculation model considering the working radial clearance was established by linking the maximum rolling element load with the bearing working clearance.Finally,the cylindrical roller bearing SKF N324 on the main shaft of SFW250-8/850 horizontal hydroelectric generator was taken as the research object,five original radial clearance groups defined in the standard were calculated based on the theoretical calculation model of bearing working clearance.Based on the bearing life calculation model considering working radial clearance,the load distribution and life of the five working radial clearance groups were analyzed to determine the optimal working clearance group.Lastly,the model results were compared with the calculation results of ISO/TS 16281:2008 and the simulation results of RomaxDesigner,verifying the reliability of the calculation model.The results indicate that the interference fit has the greatest effect on the radial clearance of bearings under light and medium load conditions,with respective changes of-30.768μm and-16.413μm.Temperature has the greatest effect on the radial clearance of the bearings under heavy load conditions with a variation of-16.866μm.When the clearance value is-43μm under light load condition,the number of rollers that can bear the load is 9,and the life reaches the maximu

关 键 词：滚动轴承 滚柱轴承 工作径向游隙 原始径向游隙 载荷分布 轴承寿命计算模型 过盈配合 轴系温度场 RomaxDesigner 

分 类 号：TH133.33[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TM312[电气工程—电机]