考虑圆度误差的角接触球轴承温升特性研究  

Temperature rises characteristics of angular contact ball bearings considering roundness error

作　　者：马瑞翔 余永健[1,2,3,4] 薛玉君 刘永刚[1] MA Ruixiang;YU Yongjian;XUE Yujun;LIU Yonggang(School of Mechatronics Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;Longmen Laboratory,Luoyang 471000,China;Henan Province Collaborative Innovation Center for High end Bearings,Luoyang 471003,China;Henan Key Laboratory for Machinery Design and Transmission System,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;State Key Laboratory of Aviation Precision Bearings,Luoyang LYC Bearings Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 471039,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学机电工程学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]龙门实验室,河南洛阳471000 [3]高端轴承河南省协同创新中心,河南洛阳471003 [4]河南科技大学河南省机械设计及传动系统重点实验室,河南洛阳471003 [5]洛阳LYC轴承有限公司航空精密轴承国家重点实验室,河南洛阳471039

出　　处：《机电工程》2024年第8期1330-1341,共12页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家工业和信息化部高质量发展专项(TC220H05V);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A460018)。

摘　　要：以往有关于轴承温升特性的研究多注重轴承温升以及圆度误差对轴承振动的影响,其中圆度误差对轴承温升影响的文献较少,且研究对象多针对的是低速、轻载轴承的温升。为此,建立了考虑圆度误差、轴承预紧力、离心效应、热力耦合等影响的角接触球轴承热-力耦合模型,研究了轴承沟道圆度误差对轴承温升的影响规律。首先,以轴承拟动力学、弹流润滑理论、传热学理论和基尔霍夫能量守恒定律为基础,建立了考虑圆度误差、轴承预紧力、离心效应、热力耦合等影响的角接触球轴承热-力耦合模型;然后,利用模型分析了不同工况条件、圆度误差对轴承温升特性影响;最后,将模型计算结果与试验结果进行了比较,验证了角接触球轴承热-力耦合模型的合理性。研究结果表明:模型计算结果和实验结果相比,最大相对误差为5.37%;随着圆度误差阶次的增加,轴承温度呈现波动性变化,且随着转速的增加,波动趋势愈加显著;随着润滑油温度的升高,温度波动逐渐减小;当圆度误差的阶次等于球数n/2±2(n=1,2,3…)时,轴承外圈温度比不考虑圆度误差时要低,因此将圆度误差控制在特定阶次内能有效降低轴承温升,从而提高工作效率;轴承外圈温度的波动性与外圈圆度误差的幅值成正比,为轴承设计提供了重要参考;外圈温度与沟道圆度误差阶次之间呈周期性变化,并与钢球的个数形成映射关系,当圆度误差阶次等于球数的(2 n-1)/4倍(n=1,2,3…)时,轴承外圈温度达到最高;当圆度误差阶次等于球数的n/2倍(n=1,2,3…)时,轴承外圈温度最低,这一规律可为轴承的优化提供具体参考方向。In the past,the research on the temperature rises characteristics of bearings paid more attention to the influence of bearing temperature rise and roundness error on bearing vibration,among which the literature on the influence of roundness error on bearing temperature rise was less,and the research object mostly aimed at the temperature rise of low-speed and light-load bearings.Therefore,the thermal-mechanical coupling model of angular contact ball bearing considering roundness error,bearing preload,centrifugal effect and thermal coupling was established,and the influence law of bearing raceway roundness error on bearing temperature rise was studied.Firstly,based on the principles of bearing quasi-dynamics,electrohydrodynamic lubrication theory,heat transfer theory,and Kirchhoff s energy conservation law,a thermal-force coupled model for angular contact ball bearings was established,taking into account factors such as roundness error,bearing preload,centrifugal effects,and thermal coupling.Then,the model was utilized to analyze the impact of different operating conditions and roundness errors on the temperature rise characteristics of the bearings.Finally,by comparing the model calculations with experimental results,the rationality of the model was validated.The research results indicate that,the maximum relative error between model calculation and experimental results is 5.37%.With the increase of roundness error orders,the temperature of the bearing exhibits fluctuating changes,and the fluctuation trend becomes more significant with the increase of speed.As the temperature of the lubricating oil rises,the temperature fluctuation gradually decreases.When the order of roundness error equals n/2±2(n=1,2,3…),the outer ring temperature of the bearing is lower than when roundness errors are not considered.Therefore,controlling roundness errors within specific orders can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the bearing,thus improving operational efficiency.The fluctuation of the outer ring temperature of the

关 键 词：角接触球轴承热-力耦合模型 轴承拟动力学模型 轴承沟道圆度误差 热网络法 摩擦力矩 温度波动 

分 类 号：TH133.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]