化工园区LPG蒸气云泄漏扩散影响因素数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of factors influencing the diffusion of LPG vapor cloud leakage in a chemical park

作　　者：王秋红 余承凤 汪雪繁 董国强 张明广 WANG Qiuhong;YU Chengfeng;WANG Xuefan;DONG Guoqiang;ZHANG Mingguang(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry,Xi’an 710065,China;College of Safety Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Technology,Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054 [2]兵器工业卫生研究所,陕西西安710065 [3]南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《西安科技大学学报》2024年第4期627-638,共12页Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52374233);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB4000900)。

摘　　要：液化石油气(Liquified Petroleum Gas,LPG)泄漏、扩散过程中受制于诸多因素影响,但不同因素对LPG泄漏、扩散形成的蒸气云体积和范围的敏感程度尚不明确。以多种配比的丙烷/丁烷组成的LPG气云为研究对象,应用FLACS软件对气云组成、泄漏条件、障碍物及环境等4类因素对某化工园区LPG蒸气云泄漏、扩散特性的影响进行仿真模拟。结果表明:丙烷和丁烷组成的LPG混合气中,丙烷占比越高,爆炸极限越大,混合气泄漏会引起该化工园区更大的潜在事故风险;Q_(9max)则与泄漏速率呈线性增长关系,泄漏速率从24 kg/s增加至48 kg/s时,二者Q_(9max)相差94795 m 3,增幅达到113.59%;Q_(9max)随泄漏源数量的增加而上升,在三源泄漏情景下,泄漏事故最佳应急处置时间在3.3 min内;当存在障碍物时Q_(9max)增长了368.9%,是无障碍物时的4.68倍,远远大于无障碍物状态;大气稳定度对Q_(9max)影响较小,但环境风速及环境温度影响较大,Q_(9max)随着环境风速增大而降低,随环境温度升高而上升。4类因素敏感程度从高到低依次是障碍物因素>泄漏条件因素>环境因素>气云组成因素。模拟结果对该园区开展风险事故防范具有指导意义。Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)leakage and diffusion are affected by many factors,but the sensitivity of different factors to LPG leakage and dispersion is not clear.The study focused on LPG gas clouds composed of multiple ratios of propane/butane,and applied FLACS software to simulate the effects of four factors:gas cloud composition,leakage conditions,obstacles,and environmental factors on the leakage and diffusion characteristics of LPG vapor clouds in a chemical park.The results show that the higher the proportion of propane in the LPG mixture composed of propane and butane,the higher the explosion limit,and the mixture leakage will cause a greater potential risk of accidents in the chemical park;Q_(9max)is linearly related to the leakage rate,and when the leakage rate increases from 24 kg/s to 48 kg/s,the difference in Q_(9max)between the two is 94795 m 3,with an increase of 113.59%;Q_(9max)increases with the increase of the number of leakage sources,and in the three-source leakage scenario,the optimal emergency response time for the leakage accident is within 3.3 min;When Q_(9max)increases by 368.9%,which is 4.68 times that of no obstacles,and is much larger than that of the non-obstructed state;the atmospheric stability has less influence on Q_(9max),but ambient wind speed and ambient temperature have a larger effect:Q_(9max)decreases with the increase of ambient wind speed and increases with the increase of ambient temperature.The four categories of factors are,in descending order of sensitivity,obstacle>leakage conditions>environmental conditions>gas cloud composition.The simulation results are of guiding significance for the prevention of risky accidents in the park.

关 键 词：液化石油气 仿真模拟 泄漏扩散 气云组成 影响因素 敏感程度 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]