含叠氮增塑剂AZDEGDN发射药的制备和燃烧性能  

Preparation and Combustion Performance of AZDEGDN-Containing Gun Propellants

作　　者：任家桐 崔鹏腾[1] 张衡[1] 丁峰[1] 高宇晨 杨伟涛[1] REN Jia-tong;CUI Peng-teng;ZHANG Heng;DING Feng;GAO Yu-chen;YANG Wei-tao(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2024年第8期787-794,共8页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：为了探索新型叠氮增塑剂1,5-二叠氮基-3-氧杂戊烷(AZDEGDN)在发射药配方中的应用前景,采用半溶剂法制备了以AZDEGDN为增塑剂的双基和三基发射药,并对含AZDEGDN发射药的形貌、密度及在不同温度下的静态燃烧性能进行了研究。结果表明,使用半溶剂法挤出成型工艺能够制备得到外观无明显瑕疵的含AZDEGDN的双基发射药(ADG-2)和三基发射药(ADG-3)。SEM观测显示,固体添加剂黑索今(RDX)和硝基胍(NGu)能够较为均匀地分布在ADG-3发射药内部。密度测试显示,ADG-2和ADG-3发射药的密度分别为1.44 g·cm^(-3)和1.52 g·cm^(-3),均接近理论密度,说明发射药内部结构较为致密。密闭爆发器试验表明,常温(20℃)下,ADG-2和ADG-3发射药的静态燃烧性能均较为稳定,燃速随着压强增大而均匀上升,未出现明显的燃速-压强曲线(u-p曲线)转折现象,燃烧最大压强分别为237.71 MPa和263.80 MPa,燃速压强指数分别为0.9098和0.9754;RDX和NGu的添加使得含AZDEGDN发射药在低压段(50~100 MPa)和中压段(100~150 MPa)的燃速压强指数分别增大了15.5%和10.9%,而在高压段(150~p_(dpm) MPa)的燃速压强指数减小了4.2%;高温(50℃)和低温(-40℃)下,ADG-3发射药仍然能够保持稳定燃烧,燃烧最大压强由常温下的263.80 MPa分别变为265.92 MPa和261.13 MPa,燃烧时间由14.70 ms分别变为13.52 ms和16.40 ms,燃速压强指数由0.9754分别变为0.9464和0.9938。可见含AZDEGDN发射药的制备方法简单成熟,结构致密无瑕疵,静态燃烧性能稳定,有望成为一种新型低烧蚀发射药。In order to explore the application prospect of a novel azido plasticizer 1,5-diazide-3-oxapentane(AZDEGDN)in gun propellant formulation,a semi-solvent method was adopted to prepare double-and triple-base gun propellants using AZDEGDN as the plasticizer,and the morphology,density as well as static combustion performance at different temperatures of AZDEGDN-containing propellants were studied.Results show that the AZDEGDN-containing double-base propellant(ADG-2)and triple-base propellant(ADG-3)without obvious defects in appearance can be prepared by semi-solvent extrusion process.SEM test shows that solid additives hexogen(RDX)and nitroguanidine(NGu)are uniformly distributed within ADG-3 propellant.The density of ADG-2 is 1.44 g·cm^(-3) and ADG-3 is 1.52 g·cm^(-3),both close to their theoretical density,indicating that the internal structures of AZDEGDN-containing propellants are relatively dense.The closed vessel tests demonstrate that the static combustion performances of both ADG-2 and ADG-3 propellants at room temperature(20℃)are stable.The burning rates increase evenly with the increase of pressure,without obvious turning phenomenon in burning rate-pressure curves(u-p curves).The maximum combustion pressure of ADG-2 and ADG-3 propellants is 237.71 MPa and 263.80 MPa,and the burning rate pressure index is 0.9098 and 0.9754,respectively.The addition of RDX and NGu results in an increase of 15.5%and 10.9%in the burning rate pressure index of AZDEGDN-containing propellants in the low pressure range(50-100 MPa)and medium pressure range(100-150 MPa)respectively,while the burning rate pressure index in the high pressure range(150-p_(dpm) MPa)decreases by 4.2%.At high temperature(50℃)and low temperature(-40℃),ADG-3 propellant can still keep stable combustion.The maximum combustion pressure changes from 263.80 MPa at room temperature to 265.92 MPa and 261.13 MPa,respectively.Besides,the combustion time changes from 14.70 ms to 13.52 ms and 16.40 ms respectively,and the burning rate pressure index changes from

关 键 词：发射药 叠氮增塑剂 1 5-二叠氮基-3-氧杂戊烷(AZDEGDN) 半溶剂法 燃烧性能 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]