摩尔气体常数测定实验中常见的问题及其讨论  

Discussion on Common Problems of Experiment of Measuring Molar Gas Constant

作　　者：吐尔逊江·艾依旦 艾合买提·沙塔尔[1] 阿不力克木·克热木 Tursunjan Aydan;Ahmat Sattar;Ablikim Kerim(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Xinjiang University,Ministry Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals,Xinjiang Urumqi 830017,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学化工学院,石油天然气精细化工教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《广州化工》2024年第14期135-137,共3页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(项目编号:2021D01C029)。

摘　　要：“摩尔气体常数的测定”实验是国内高校本科无机化学实验课中的一个经典实验,是采用金属镁和稀硫酸之间的置换反应,通过测量反应中产生的氢气体积计算出摩尔气体常数。但由于各种原因,测定值与理论值之间仍然存在一定的误差。围绕本实验的原理与数据处理,讨论和分析引起误差的各种因素,提出了在实验操作与数据处理方面的一些建议和注意事项。The experiment of“Determination of Molar Gas Constant R”is a classical Inorganic Chemistry experiment for undergraduate students in domestic universities.The molar gas constant R is calculated by measuring the volume of hydrogen generated by the displacement reaction between the magnesium and sulfuric acid.However due to various reasons,there is still some errors between the measured and theoretical values.Based on the experimental principle and data processing of this experiment,various factors of causing errors were discussed,and some suggestions and matters needing attention in experimental operation and data processing were put forward.

关 键 词：气体常数R 分压定律 相对误差 有效数字 

分 类 号：O6-3[理学—化学]