施肥对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄园土壤细菌多样性的影响  

Effects of microbial fertilizer application on the diversity of soil bacterial microbial community of wine vineyards in the eastern foot of Helan mountain

作　　者：孙豪杰 王静[2,3,4] 程昱润 肖国举[2,3,4] 毕江涛 SUN Hao-jie;WANG Jing;CHENG Yu-run;XIAO Guo-ju;BI Jiang-tao(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021 [4]西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第6期45-55,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2022AAC03079);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900603)。

摘　　要：探究微生物肥料对不同生长时期酿酒葡萄园土壤化学性质和细菌群落组成的影响及其相互关系,为贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄园健康种植及土壤管理提供科学依据。以广泛种植于宁夏贺兰山东麓的酿酒葡萄品种“梅鹿辄”为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计设置4个处理:生物有机肥+化肥减量、生物有机肥灭活+化肥减量、常规化肥用量和空白对照,通过高通量测序技术比较分析了不同生长时期各施肥处理条件下土壤细菌多样性以及群落结构的变化规律。结果表明:不同生长时期各施肥处理土壤细菌优势门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota),优势菌属为亚硝化螺菌属(Nitrosospira)、酸杆菌属(Acidobacterium)RB41、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)。各施肥处理土壤细菌多样性指数显著高于对照,且转色期较收获期土壤细菌群落结构差异显著。施用生物有机肥及其基质处理分别显著增加了亚硝化螺菌属和酸杆菌属RB41的相对丰度,而不施肥处理则降低了亚硝化螺菌属的相对丰度。通过冗余及相关性分析结果发现,土壤碱解氮、有机质含量及pH值是影响土壤细菌群落多样性的主要因子,其中碱解氮含量为最主要驱动因子,放线菌可以适应该研究区土壤盐渍化程度。微生物肥料能够不同程度提高土壤养分含量、降低土壤pH值和全盐含量,增加土壤细菌群落多样性,其中以施用生物有机肥配施化肥减量处理整体效果最显著。The effects of microbial fertilizer on soil bacterial microbial community structure and soil chemical properties of wine grape in different fertilization treatments at different stages and their relationship were explored to provide a scientific basis for healthy planting and soil management of wine vineyards in the eastern foot of Helan mountain.Taking the wine grape variety“meilutou”widely planted in the eastern foot of Helan mountain in Ningxia as the test material,the field plot experimental design was adopted to set up the four treatments of no fertilization,conventional chemical fertilizer,bioorganic fertilizer+reduced chemical fertilizer,and powdered microbial bio-organic fertilizer+reduced chemical fertilizer.High throughput sequencing technology was used to study and analyze the soil bacterial diversity and community composition of various fertilization treatments in different periods.The results showed that the dominant groups of soil bacteria in different fertilization treatments were Proteobacteria,Acidobacteriota,Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota,and the dominant genus were Nitrosospira,Acidobacterium RB41 and Sphingomonas.The soil bacterial diversity index of each fertilization treatment was significantly higher than that of the non-fertilization control,and there was significant difference in soil bacterial community structure between break period and harvest period.The relative abundance of Nirosospira and Acidobacterium RB41 was significantly increased by bio-organic fertilizer and its substrate treatment,respectively,while the relative abundance of Nirosospira was decreased by no fertilization treatment.Through redundancy analysis and correlation analysis,it was found that soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter contents,pH value were the main factors affecting the diversity of soil bacterial community,among which alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content was the main driving factor,and Actinomycetes could adapt to the degree of soil salinization in the study area.Microbial fertilize

关 键 词：微生物肥料 土壤养分 土壤细菌 群落多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S663.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]