种植绿肥对我国水稻产量和土壤肥力影响的整合分析  

Effects of green manure on rice yield and soil fertility in China:a Meta-analysis

作　　者：李炫 肖大康 胡洋 胡仁 李锦涛 侯俊 韩天富[2] 曹玉贤 年介响 张卫峰[5] LI Xuan;XIAO Da-kang;HU Yang;HU Ren;LI Jin-tao;HOU Jun;HAN Tian-fu;CAO Yu-xian;NIAN Jiexiang;ZHANG Wei-feng(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Jingzhou Hubei 434025;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land,Beijing 100081;College of Life Sciences,Yangtze University,Jingzhou Hubei 434025;Xinhua Agricultural University(Wuhan)Technology Co.Ltd.,Wuhan Hubei 430070;College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/农业农村部长江中游作物绿色高效生产重点实验室(部省共建),湖北荆州434025 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [3]长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州434025 [4]新华农大(武汉)科技有限公司,湖北武汉430070 [5]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第6期79-88,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划(2023BBB082);衢州市农业碳中和账户建设(衢农合2021-27,2022-31)。

摘　　要：为探究种植绿肥对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响以及为水稻增产稳产和土壤改良提供科学依据。对已发表的相关文献数据进行了收集,建立了362组包含种植绿肥(GM)和冬闲田(FFP)处理下水稻产量和土壤肥力的数据库。采用整合分析的方法,定量绿肥在不同地区、水稻种植模式、土壤性质、氮肥用量、绿肥种类下对水稻产量及土壤肥力的提升幅度,采用随机森林模型探究影响绿肥效应的主控因素。研究结果发现,在不同地区下,GM处理对土壤有机质含量的提升在南方稻区最大(21.17%)。在不同水稻种植模式下,GM处理对水稻产量和土壤肥力的提升幅度均表现为双季稻>单季稻;土壤全氮含量≤1.5 g/kg、有机质含量≤20 g/kg时对产量的提升幅度较高;当GM处理的施氮量≤150 kg/hm^(2)时对产量和土壤有机质含量的提升幅度均较高,分别为12.47%和22.36%,但是随着施氮量的逐渐增加,GM处理的增产幅度下降。不同绿肥种类下,GM处理对产量和土壤有机质含量的提升幅度有所差异,在产量提升方面,豆科绿肥(12.47%)>非豆科绿肥(7.22%)>混合绿肥(6.32%);对土壤有机质含量提升方面混合绿肥(12.69%)>非豆科绿肥(10.93%)>豆科绿肥(9.37%)。随机森林分析结果表明,在主控因素方面GM处理对水稻增产主要受土壤有机质含量、施氮量和有效磷含量(贡献率分别为18%、16%和15%)的影响,而GM提高有机质的影响因素主要有地区、速效钾和速效氮含量(贡献率分别为14%、12%和11%)。因此,GM能显著提高水稻产量和土壤肥力,尤其是在低肥力的土壤状况下GM处理对产量的提升幅度较好,GM与化肥配合使用能促进水稻增产和稻田土壤有机质含量的提升,但GM的施氮量不宜超过150kg/hm^(2),水稻和绿肥轮作长江流域稻区推荐豆科绿肥,而在南方稻区进行混合绿肥。This study provided scientific basis for exploring the effects of planting green fertilizer on rice yield and soil fertility,and for increasing and stabilizing rice yield and soil improvement.Data were collected from the published literature and 362 databases of rice yield and soil fertility under green manure(GM)and winter fallow field(FFP)treatments were established.A Meta-analysis method was used to quantify the increase of green fertilizer on rice yield and soil fertility in different regions,rice cropping patterns,soil properties,nitrogen fertilizer dosage,and green fertilizer types,and to explore the main controlling factors affecting green fertilizer effects by using random forest model.The results showed that GM treatment had the largest effect on soil organic matter content in southern rice region(21.17%).Under different cropping modes,the increase of GM treatment on rice yield and soil fertility was both ranked as double cropping rice>single cropping rice.When soil total nitrogen content was less than or equal 1.5 g/kg and soil organic matter content was less than or equal 20 g/kg,the yield increased significantly.When the nitrogen application rate of GM treatment was less than or equal 150 kg/hm^(2),the yield and soil organic matter content were both increased by 12.47%and 22.36%,respectively.However,the increase rate of GM was decreased with the gradual increase of nitrogen application rate.Under different green fertilizer varieties,the increase of GM on yield and soil organic matter content was different.In terms of yield increase,it ranked as leguminous green fertilizer(12.47%)>non-leguminous green fertilizer(7.22%)>mixed green fertilizer(6.32%);In terms of soil organic matter content improvement,it ranked as mixed green fertilizer(12.69%)>non-legume green fertilizer(10.93%)>legume green fertilizer(9.37%).The results of random forest analysis showed that the main controlling factors of GM treatment on rice yield were soil organic matter,nitrogen application and available phosphorus contents(contribu

关 键 词：绿肥 水稻 产量 土壤肥力 整合分析 随机森林 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]