不同行间距和秸秆覆盖量对沿海滩涂土壤特性变化和小麦产量的影响  

Effects of different spacing modes and straw mulch amounts on wheat yield and soil characteristics in the coastal tidal flat area

作　　者：张蛟[1] 陈澎军 崔士友[1] 韩继军 缪源卿 ZHANG Jiao;CHEN Peng-jun;CUI Shi-you;HAN Ji-jun;MIAO Yuan-qing(Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong Jiangsu 226012;Jiangsu Geological Bureau/Coastal Saline-alkali Land Ecological Rehabilitation and Sustainable Utilization Technology Innovation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Nanjing Jiangsu 210007)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通226012 [2]江苏省地质局/自然资源部滨海盐碱地生态改良与可持续利用工程技术创新中心,江苏南京210007

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第6期102-109,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：南通市科技计划项目-基础研究项目(JC22022100);南通市科技计划项目-民生重点项目(MS22021040);沿江地区农业科学研究所学科建设基金[YJXK(2021)102]。

摘　　要：2021年11月—2022年6月,在江苏南通沿海滩涂地区开展不同行间距和不同秸秆覆盖量的滩涂小麦种植试验,设置2个行间距模式即均匀行距25 cm+25 cm(A1)、宽窄行30 cm+20 cm(A2)和3个秸秆覆盖量处理即0 t/hm^(2)覆盖量(S0)、1.5 t/hm^(2)覆盖量(S1)、3.0 t/hm^(2)覆盖量(S2),旨在研究不同行间距和秸秆覆盖量处理下滩涂小麦生育期土壤盐分、pH、水分和温度的动态变化规律,明确行间距和秸秆覆盖组合对沿海滩涂小麦产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:沿海滩涂小麦种植过程中各处理0~20和20~40 cm土层盐分均具有相似的季节性变化特征,表现为12月—翌年2月盐分变化比较平稳,3月出现明显降盐,之后随着温度升高出现土壤返盐状态;同时,整体上S1和S2处理下0~20和20~40 cm的土壤盐分显著低于S0处理,但A1和A2模式下土壤盐分没有显著差异(P>0.05)。整体上A1和A2模式下滩涂小麦产量均没有显著的差异性(P>0.05),S1和S2处理相比S0处理下滩涂小麦分别提高了8.68%和11.58%(P<0.05);从产量构成因素分析,S1和S2处理相比S0处理下公顷穗数分别提高了8.90%和7.91%,每穗粒数分别提高了6.23%和6.23%。因此,研究得出秸秆覆盖对耕层土壤具有较好的控盐降盐作用,且小麦拔节分蘖期盐分降低促进了小麦穗数形成和小麦孕穗期减缓土壤返盐促进了穗粒数的增加,最终实现滩涂小麦增产的目的。The research aimed to study the dynamic changes of soil salinity,pH,moisture and temperature during the growth period of shoal wheat under different line spacing and straw mulch,and to determine the effects of the combination of row spacing and straw mulch on the yield of shoal wheat and its constituent factors.A wheat planting experiment was carried out from November 2021 to June 2022 in the coastal tidal flat area of Nantong,Jiangsu province.Two row spacing modes including uniform row spacing of 25 cm+25 cm(A1)and wide and narrow row width of 30 cm+20 cm(A2),and three straw mulching amounts of 0(S0),1.5(S1)and 3.0 t/hm^(2)(S2)were set up in the experiment.The results showed that the salt of soil layers 0-20 and 20-40 cm in each treatment had similar seasonal characteristics during the process of wheat planting in the coastal beach.The salt change was relatively stable from December to February of the next year,the salt decreased significantly in March,and then the soil salt returned with the increase of temperature.At the same time,the soil salinity of 0-20 and 20-40 cm under S1 and S2 treatments was significantly lower than that under S0 treatment overall,but there was no significant difference in soil salinity between A1 and A2 modes.On the whole,there was no significant difference in the yield of shoal wheat under A1 and A2 modes.Compared with S0 treatment,the yield of shoal wheat under S1 and S2 treatments was increased by 8.68%and 11.58%,respectively(P<0.05).From the analysis of yield composition factors,the panicle number increased by 8.90%and 7.91%under S1 and S2 treatments,compared with S0 treatment,and the panicle number increased by 6.23%and 6.23%under S1 and S2 treatments,compared with S0 treatment,respectively.Therefore,it was concluded that straw mulching had a better effect on salt control and salt reduction of topsoil,and the decrease of salt in wheat jointing stage promoted the formation of wheat panicle number,and the decrease of soil salt return in wheat booting stage promoted the increase of

关 键 词：沿海滩涂 盐分动态 滩涂小麦 滩涂利用 粮食安全 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S15