添加聚天冬氨酸对土壤氮素淋失及烟株氮素利用的影响  

Effects of adding polyaspartic acid on soil nitrogen leaching and nitrogen utilization of tobacco plants

作　　者：段俊雅 王婷婷 韦建玉[2] 赵园园 王政[2] 王德勋[3] 欧清华[2] 史宏志[1] DUAN Jun-ya;WANG Ting-ting;WEI Jian-yu;ZHAO Yuan-yuan;WANG Zheng;WANG De-xun;OU Qinghua;SHI Hong-zhi(College of Tobacco Science/Research Center for Tobacco Harm Reduction/Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of China Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou Henan 450046;China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co.Ltd.,Nanning Guangxi 530001;Dali Branch of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company,Dali Yunnan 671000)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院/烟草农业减害研究中心/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南郑州450046 [2]广西中烟工业有限责任公司,广西南宁530001 [3]云南省烟草公司大理州公司,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第6期120-126,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：广西中烟工业有限责任公司项目(2021450000340021);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技项目(2022530000241015)。

摘　　要：为探究添加聚天冬氨酸(PASP)对土壤氮素淋失及烟株氮素利用的影响,设置不同PASP添加比例土柱淋失试验和不同氮肥梯度下添加PASP烤烟盆栽试验,研究PASP对土壤矿质氮淋失和烟株生长、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、碳氮代谢关键酶活性、化学成分及氮肥利用率等的影响。结果表明,添加PASP能够减少土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮的淋失,且PASP添加比例越大,减少淋失效果越好。常规施氮和减氮10%条件下添加PASP均可使烟株的长势变好,净光合速率提高,碳氮代谢关键酶活性和根系活力增强,干物质和氮素积累量增多,氮肥利用率较CK分别提高了57.74%和42.54%。与CK相比,减氮20%条件下添加PASP后的处理烟株长势稍弱,除蔗糖合成酶(合成方向)活性外,其他生理指标整体上略有降低,总氮和糖含量降低,氮素积累量下降,氮肥利用率与CK相当。综合分析认为,可考虑在减氮10%条件下配施5%PASP以降低土壤氮素淋失、提高烟株氮肥利用率。In order to investigate the effects of adding polyaspartic acid(PASP)on soil nitrogen leaching loss and nitrogen utilization of tobacco plants,soil column leaching test with different PASP addition ratio and pot experiment with PASP addition under different nitrogen fertilizer gradients were set up to study the effects of PASP on soil mineral nitrogen leaching,tobacco plant growth,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,key enzyme activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism,chemical composition and nitrogen utilization rate.The results showed that adding PASP reduced the leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil,and the greater the proportion of PASP added,the better the leaching loss reduction effect.Compared with the control group,under conventional nitrogen application and 10%nitrogen reduction conditions,adding PASP improved the growth of tobacco plants,increased the net photosynthetic rate,enhanced the activity of key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism and root activity,increased dry matter and nitrogen accumulation,and increased the nitrogen utilization rate by 57.74%and 42.54%,respectively.The tobacco plant growth of PASP treated with 20%nitrogen reduction was slightly weaker,except sucrose synthase(synthesis direction)activity,other physiological indexes were slightly decreased on the whole,total nitrogen and sugar contents were decreased,nitrogen accumulation was decreased,and nitrogen utilization rate was similar to that of the control group.It was concluded that the application of 5%PASP under the condition of 10%nitrogen reduction could reduce the soil nitrogen leaching loss and increase the nitrogen utilization rate of tobacco plants.

关 键 词：聚天冬氨酸 烤烟 氮素 淋失 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]