秸秆还田模式下氮肥减施对典型砂姜黑土微量元素及作物品质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen reduction on trace elements and crop quality in typical lime concretion black soil under straw returning modes

作　　者：王梓钰 王擎运 杨港丽 张宸康 李庆阳 夏淑媛 穆青 WANG Zi-yu;WANG Qing-yun;YANG Gang-li;ZHANG Chen-kang;LI Qing-yang;XIA Shu-yuan;MU Qing(School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention,Hefei Anhui 230036)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第6期127-133,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1901001)。

摘　　要：依托长期秸秆还田定位试验研究了氮肥减施对典型砂姜黑土微量元素及作物品质的影响。田间试验设置4个处理:小麦和玉米秸秆双季还田下氮磷钾常量(N100PK)、氮肥减施30%(N70PK)和不施氮(N0PK)处理,以不施肥为对照处理(CK)。结果显示,微量元素全量在耕层(0~20 cm)土壤无显著变化;微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌有效态含量分别为8.5~11.0、15.5~19.0、1.6~2.0、0.1~0.4 mg·kg^(-1)。随着氮肥减施,有效铁、有效锰含量分别下降26.04%、9.46%,有效铜、有效锌无显著变化。在氮肥减施导致的产量降低下,小麦籽粒内锌含量在减氮30%处理中降至最低,玉米籽粒内铜含量下降12.5%~24.9%,两种作物秸秆内铁含量降低50.0%~71.1%。小麦醇溶蛋白约降低25.6%,玉米清蛋白约降低14.0%。综上,秸秆还田模式下氮肥减施会降低土壤有效态铁、有效锰含量及其生物有效性,并有可能通过抑制蛋白合成影响作物品质。The effect of reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on trace elements and crop quality in typical lime concretion black soil was studied through long-term straw returning field positioning test.Four treatments were set up:nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium conventional(N100PK),reduced nitrogen fertilizer application by 30%(N70PK),no nitrogen application(N0PK)and no fertilization(CK)under double cropping of wheat and corn with straw returning to the field.The results showed that there was no significant change in the total amount of trace elements in the topsoil(0-20 cm).The avaible Fe content was 8.5-11.0 mg·kg^(-1),the avaible Mn content was 15.5-19.0 mg·kg^(-1),the avaible Cu content was 1.6-2.0 mg·kg^(-1),and the avaible Zn content was extremely low,ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mg·kg^(-1).With the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application,the content of available Fe and Mn decreased by 26.04%and 9.46%,respectively,while there was no significant change in available Cu and Zn.The Cu content in corn grains decreased by 12.5%-24.9%with the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application,while the Fe content in corn straw decreased by 50.0%-61.4%due to the absence of nitrogen fertilizer application.The Zn content in wheat grains showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,while the Fe content in wheat straw decreased by 63.7%to 71.1%.Nitrogen fertilizer reduced corn albumin by 14.0%and wheat prolamin by 25.6%.In conclusion,under the straw returning mode,reducing nitrogen fertilizer application reduced soil available Fe and available Mn trace elements and their bioavailability,and might affect crop quality by inhibiting protein synthesis.

关 键 词：长期定位试验 氮肥减施 秸秆还田 微量元素 作物品质 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S143.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]