生物炭基肥对烤烟抗逆生理特性及经济性状的影响  

Effects of biochar-based fertilizer on the physiological characteristics of stress resistance and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：宋鹏[1] 李慧 江厚龙 赵鹏宇 李理想 赵彪 张均[1] SONG Peng;LI Hui;JIANG Hou-long;ZHAO Peng-yu;LI Li-xiang;ZHAO Biao;ZHANG Jun(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang Henan 471000;Chongqing Tobacco Science Research Institute,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471000 [2]重庆烟草科学研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第6期199-208,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重庆公司科技项目(A20201NY01-1301,A20201NY01-1306);河南省科技攻关项目(232102110040);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A210003);河南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210464086)。

摘　　要：为了探究施用生物炭基肥对烤烟抗氧化系统、渗透调节能力及经济性状的调控效应,以‘云烟116’为研究对象,设置常规施肥(T1)、生物炭基有机肥(T2)和生物炭基复混肥(T3)3个处理,测定烤烟移栽后30、60、90、120 d的叶片和根系的抗逆生理特性,包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性以及丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸等物质含量,并分析烤后烟叶产量、产值、均价和中上等烟比例。结果表明,(1)生物炭基肥具有提高烟株抗逆和渗透调节能力的作用,且以T2处理效果最佳,其叶片超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性较T1处理分别提高1.1%~10.6%和2.1%~9.5%,丙二醛含量降低了16.0%~20.5%。与T1处理相比,T2和T3处理的叶片可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别提高1.4%~102.1%、16.0%~52.0%和7.8%~41.1%。不同处理对根系抗逆特性与叶片的规律一致。(2)生物炭基肥可提高烤烟产量、产值和上中等烟比例,其中以T2处理的产量、产值最高,与T1处理相比分别增加了16.9%和21.8%。(3)通过烤烟的生理指标和经济性状指标的相关分析可知,在4个测定时期中,两类指标之间呈现不同程度的相关性,总体以移栽后120 d时相关性最为密切。综上,施用生物炭基肥可提高烤烟的抗氧化能力、渗透调节能力及经济性状,其中以T2处理的效果最好,研究结果为合理施用生物炭基肥提供理论依据和技术支持。In order to explore the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on antioxidant enzyme,osmotic regulation ability and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco,‘Yunyan 116’was chosen as the research object and three treatments were set up,including conventional fertilization(T1),biochar-based organic fertilizer(T2)and biochar-based compound fertilizer(T3).The physiological characteristics of stress resistance of leaves and roots were determined at 30,60,90 and 120 d after transplanting,including activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)and contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),soluble protein(SP),soluble sugar(SS)and proline.Additionally,the yield,output value,average price,and ratio of upper middle grade leaves of tobacco after curing were analyzed.The main results were as follows.(1)Biochar-based fertilizer improved the stress resistance and osmotic adjustment ability of tobacco plants,and T2 treatment had the best effect.The activities of SOD and POD in leaves increased by 1.1%-10.6%and 2.1%-9.5%,respectively,compared with T1 treatment,and the content of MDA decreased by 16.0%-20.5%.At the same time,the contents of SP,SS,and proline in leaves treated with T2 and T3 increased by 1.4%to 102.1%,16.0%to 52.0%,and 7.8%to 41.1%,respectively.The root stress resistance characteristics of different treatments were consistent with those of leaves.(2)Biochar-based fertilizer improved the yield,output value and ratio of upper middle grade leaves of flue-cured tobacco,with the highest yield and output value in T2 treatment,which increased by 16.9%and 21.8%compared to T1 treatment,respectively.(3)Through the correlation analysis of physiological and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco,it could be seen that there were varying degrees of correlation between the two types of indicators during the four measurement periods,with the overall correlation being the closest at 120 d after transplantation.In summary,the application of biocharbased fertilizer improved the antioxidant capacity,osmotic regulation ability,and eco

关 键 词：生物炭基肥 烤烟 抗氧化酶 渗透调节物质 经济性状 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]