寻根问祖:革命根据地法制建设中的族权问题  

Seeking Roots:Issues of Clan Authority in the Construction of the Legal System in the Revolutionary Base Areas

作　　者：侯欣一 Hou Xinyi

机构地区：[1]山东大学

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2024年第4期64-83,共20页Law and Modernization

基　　金：国家社科基金特别委托项目“革命根据地法律史研究(1921-1949)”(23@ZH001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在传统中国,宗族是兼具地缘属性的血缘组织,是介于个体家庭与国家形态之间的过渡组织。宗族组织发达、功能多样,是传统中国法制与社会的重要特征。宗族问题可以划分为宗族与族权这两个既有联系,又可以分开讨论的话题。苏维埃根据地政权在人格平等、财富平均等理想的感召下,出于彻底革命和改造社会的需要,通过将族权纳入阶级话语、限制地主等剥削者参与政权,缩小村级行政单位管辖面积,组建各种社会组织,没收祠堂、族田,废除包办婚姻,打击土豪劣绅插手乡村事务等法律手段,动摇宗族存在的经济社会基础。抗日根据地政权则修正了苏维埃根据地政权的做法,采取正视宗族并改造宗族的策略,即承认宗族的存在,团结开明绅士,动员他们参与革命政权和公共生活,尊重家庭,保护人权、财权等,同时打击族权,取得了良好的法律效果和社会效果。中国共产党领导的革命根据地法制建设对待族权问题的阶段性认知与行动及其中变与不变的家国情怀,为传承发展中华优秀传统法律文化提供了基本经验。In traditional China,clans were blood-relationship-based organizations with geographical attributes,serving as transitional entities between individual families and the state.These clan organizations were well-developed and had diverse functions,constituting an important feature of the traditional Chinese legal system and society.The issue of clans can be divided into two interconnected yet separately topics:clans and clan authority.Inspired by the ideals such as personal equality and equal distribution of wealth,the Soviet base area governments,out of the need for thorough revolution and transformation of society,employed various legal measures to undermine the economic and social foundations of clans.These measures included incorporating clan authority into class discourse,restricting exploiters such as landlords from participating in governance,reducing the jurisdiction of village-level administrative units,establishing various social organizations,confiscating ancestral halls and clan lands,abolishing arranged marriages,and curbing the interference of local tyrants and corrupt gentry in rural affairs.The anti-Japanese base area governments revised the approach of the Soviet base area governments by adopting a strategy of acknowledging and reforming clans.This included recognizing the existence of clans,uniting enlightened gentry,mobilizing them to participate in revolutionary governance and public life,respecting families,and protecting human and property rights while simultaneously combating clan authority.This approach achieved favorable legal and social outcomes.The phased cognition and actions of the revolutionary base area legal system construction led by the Communist Party of China on the issue of clan authority,along with the changed and unchanged feelings for the family and the nation,provide basic experience for inheriting and developing China's excellent traditional legal culture.

关 键 词：革命根据地 法制建设 宗族 族权 家国情怀 传统法律文化 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] D231