被害人同意视角下侵犯公民个人信息罪的适用限度  

Limits on the Application of the Crime of Infringing on CitizensPersonal Information from the Perspective of Victim Consent

作　　者：郭晓红 张益铭 Guo Xiaohong;Zhang Yiming

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院 [2]江西财经大学法学院法治政府研究中心

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2024年第4期118-133,共16页Law and Modernization

基　　金：司法部2022年法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“上访维权与敲诈勒索罪的界限:实务考察与理论重塑”(22SFB5025)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：被害人同意理论强调了被害人在信息流通中的重要作用,并且能够消解个人信息保护与利用之间的对立,维持刑法的最后法地位,因此需要在侵犯公民个人信息罪中加以适用。但实务中并未完全将被害人同意理论进行贯彻,在被害人同意的具体内容、明确程度和法律效果等方面存在较大分歧。被害人同意的主体应当具有风险识别能力是被害人意思自决的当然前提。被害人同意的内容应当是行为人的危害行为而非具体结果,并且弱同意模式应当在信息流通过程中得到承认,以维护个人信息的高效利用。因此在侵犯公民个人信息罪中具体适用被害人同意理论时,应当否定信息弱势群体的单独同意以加强法律保护。在同意内容方面,被害人能够预见信息用途的同意即可作为出罪事由。在同意形式方面,行为人在被害人公开范围内获取利用其个人信息的行为,不构成侵犯公民个人信息罪。In the information society,the theory of victim consent emphasizes the crucial role played by the victim in the flow of information and can reconcile the conflict between the protection and utilization of personal information,thus maintaining the criminal law's status as a last resort.However,in practice,the theory of victim consent has not been fully implemented,and there are significant disagreements regarding the specific content,clarity,and legal effects of victim consent.The victim's ability to identify risks is a prerequisite for genuine self-determination.The content of the victim's consent should pertain to the harmful behavior of the actor rather than the specific result,and a weak consent model should be recognized in the process of information flow to facilitate the efficient use of personal information.Therefore,when applying the theory of victim consent to the crime of infringing on citizens'personal information,it is necessary to deny the sole consent of information-disadvantaged groups so as to strengthen legal protection.Regarding the content of consent,the foreseeability of the information's use by the victim should be sufficient to exonerate the actor.In terms of consent form,actions by individuals to obtain and use personal information within the scope of the victim's public disclosure do not constitute the crime of infringing on citizens'personal information.

关 键 词：侵犯公民个人信息罪 被害人同意 弱同意 信息弱势群体 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]