氟吡菌酰胺纳米纤维剂的研制及其对南方根结线虫的生物活性  

Preparation of Fluopyram-Loaded Nanofiber Nematicide and Its Biological Activity Against Meloidogyne incognita

作　　者：凌文政 曹海潮 余佳敏 宗浩 王凯 冯超[1] 陈丹[1] LING WenZheng;CAO HaiChao;YU JiaMin;ZONG Hao;WANG Kai;FENG Chao;CHEN Dan(Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,Shandong;China National Tobacco Corporation Sichuan Company/Sichuan Tobacco Research Institute,Chengdu 610000;Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276000,Shandong;Shandong Binnong Technology Co.,Ltd.,Binzhou 256600,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101 [2]中国烟草总公司四川省公司/四川省烟草科学研究所,成都610000 [3]山东临沂烟草有限公司,山东临沂276000 [4]山东滨农科技有限公司,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第15期2997-3009,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610232023005);中国农业科学院烟草研究所青年科学基金(1610232024021);四川烟草病虫害智能测报体系构建与应用项目(SCYC202215)。

摘　　要：【目的】根结线虫病已成为制约我国设施农业发展的重要影响因素,其中以南方根结线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)危害最为严重,目前我国杀线虫剂类型较少,为实现新剂型创制,本研究基于静电纺丝技术制备氟吡菌酰胺纳米纤维剂,评价其对南方根结线虫的生物活性,以丰富作物根结线虫病高效防治药剂剂型类别,拓展纳米纤维剂应用场景。【方法】采用同轴静电纺丝技术,以不同生物可降解材料为壳材,以溶剂化氟吡菌酰胺为芯材,制备两种氟吡菌酰胺纳米纤维剂(Flu@NF)。利用SEM、EDS、TEM、FTIR、TGA等,表征Flu@NF的形貌结构、元素组成、官能组分与热稳定性能;以41.7%氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂为对照药剂,评价Flu@NF对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫(J2)与卵的生物活性。【结果】在高压+15 kV,芯-壳溶液流速比1﹕4,与接收器边距24 cm的条件下,成功制备了以聚乙二醇(PEG)/聚己内酯(PCL)与醋酸纤维素(CA)为壳材的PEG/PCL-Flu@NF与CA-Flu@NF,平均直径分别为316与440 nm,且两种载药纤维符合芯-壳的内外微观结构,壳层厚度分别为71.15和24.84 nm,载药量分别为15.32%与20.37%,经壳材包覆后,氟吡菌酰胺的热稳定性显著提高。相较于氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂,载药纤维的缓释性能显著提高,在不同浓度下,随处理时间的延长线虫死亡率显著提高,于高浓度(25 mg·L^(-1))处理24 h后,两种纤维剂对2龄幼虫的致死率均高于98%,于低浓度(4 mg·L^(-1))处理24 h后,两种纤维剂对2龄幼虫的致死率分别为91.4%和79.6%;PEG/PCL-Flu@NF与CA-Flu@NF对线虫卵孵化均具有较好的抑制作用,于高浓度(25 mg·L^(-1))下处理3 d后卵未孵化率分别为71.8%和89.2%,于低浓度(4 mg·L^(-1))下处理3 d后卵未孵化率分别为59.4%和76.2%。【结论】基于同轴静电纺丝技术,以PEG/PCL与CA分别为壳材制备的纳米纤维对氟吡菌酰胺具有优异的包覆效果,纤维剂通过缓释作用保护作物根系,对南方根结【Objective】Root-knot nematode disease has become an important influencing factor restricting the development of protected agriculture in China,among which Meloidogyne incognita has caused the most serious yield loss.At present,there are few types of nematicides in China,the objectives of this study are to prepare the fluopyram-loaded nanofiber nematicide based on the electrospinning technique,evaluate its biological activity against M.incognita,and to enrich the types of effective nematicides for controlling root-knot nematode disease of crops and expand the application field of nanofiber agents.【Method】Two kinds of fluopyram-loaded nanofiber nematicide(Flu@NF)were prepared by coaxial electrospinning technology with different biodegradable materials as shell materials and solvated fluopyram as core materials.The morphology,structure,elemental composition,functional components and thermal stability of Flu@NF were characterized by SEM,EDS,TEM,FTIR and TGA.With 41.7%fluropyram suspension as control agent,the biological activity of Flu@NF against 2nd stage juveniles(J2)and egg mass of M.incognita was evaluated.【Result】PEG/PCL-Flu@NF and CA-Flu@NF using polyethylene glycol(PEG),polycaprolactone(PCL)and cellulose acetate(CA)as shell materials were successfully prepared under high pressure+15 kV,core-shell solution flow rate 1﹕4 and receiver side distance of 24 cm.The average diameter of two kinds of agents was 316 and 440 nm,respectively.Fibers were in accordance with the inner and outer microstructure of core-shell,and the shell thickness was separately 71.15 and 24.84 nm.The loading capacity of two kinds of fluopyram-loaded fibers was 15.32%and 20.37%,respectively.Moreover,the thermal stability of fluopyram was significantly improved after shell coating by coaxial electrospinning.Compared with fluropyram suspension,the slow-release performance of fluopyram-loaded fibers was significantly improved,and the mortality of J2 was significantly increased with the extension of treatment time at different concen

关 键 词：纳米纤维 静电纺丝 氟吡菌酰胺 南方根结线虫 杀线虫剂 

分 类 号：TQ453[化学工程—农药化工]