不同水稻品种和施锌方式对水稻产量及籽粒锌有效性的影响  

Effects of Different Rice Varieties and Zinc Application Methods on Rice Yield and Grain Zinc Availability

作　　者：苏素苗 康天恺 邹家龙 汪本福[3] 张洋洋[1] 廖世鹏[1] 李小坤[1,4] SU SuMiao;KANG TianKai;ZOU JiaLong;WANG BenFu;ZHANG YangYang;LIAO ShiPeng;LI XiaoKun(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Agricultural Technology Service Center of Jingzhou District,Jingzhou City,Hubei Province,Jingzhou 434020,Hubei;Food Crops Research Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064;Shuangshui and ShuanglüResearch Institute,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,武汉430070 [2]湖北省荆州市荆州区农业技术服务中心,湖北荆州434020 [3]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,武汉430064 [4]华中农业大学双水双绿研究院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第15期3023-3034,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：湖北洪山实验室重大项目(2121hsz002);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2662021ZH001)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同水稻品种对锌肥的响应效果以及锌肥不同施用方式对水稻产量及籽粒锌有效性的影响差异。【方法】分别于2019和2020年进行田间试验。具体如下:2019年开展第1个田间试验,旨在探究不同水稻品种对施用锌肥的响应效果。选取了虾稻一号、虾稻二号、润香玉和隆两优3463等4个水稻品种,设置不施锌(CK)和施锌(+Zn)两个处理,以探究不同水稻品种对施用锌肥响应效果的差异。2020年开展第2个田间试验,旨在探究锌肥不同施用方式对水稻产量及籽粒锌有效性的影响。在2019年试验基础上,选择虾稻一号和隆两优3463两个产量较高的水稻品种继续开展后续研究,设置不施锌(S0F0)、土壤施锌15 kg·hm^(-2)(S1F0)、土壤施锌30 kg·hm^(-2)(S2F0)、开花期叶面喷施0.5%ZnSO_(4)(S0F1)、土壤施锌15 kg·hm^(-2)+开花期喷施0.5%ZnSO_(4)(S1F1)、土壤施锌30 kg·hm^(-2)+开花期喷施0.5%ZnSO_(4)(S2F1)6个处理,以探究不同施锌方式对两种水稻产量及籽粒锌有效性的影响差异。【结果】试验1中,不同品种水稻对施用锌肥的响应程度存在显著差异。施锌后,虾稻一号、虾稻二号、润香玉和隆两优3463等4个水稻品种的产量分别增加4.4%、11.6%、7.9%和4.8%,其增产效果主要表现为有效穗数和结实率的提高。与CK相比,4个水稻品种施锌处理的有效穗数分别平均增加了19.8%、3.9%、9.9%和24.0%,结实率分别平均增加了5.4%、9.7%、6.7%和4.0%。此外,4个水稻品种施锌处理的糙米植酸与锌摩尔比分别平均降低了24.3%、30.9%、21.3%和37.2%,精米植酸与锌摩尔比分别平均降低了29.5%、32.4%、33.9%和35.3%。试验2中,不同施锌方式对虾稻一号和隆两优3463产量和籽粒锌有效性的影响效果存在显著差异。土壤施锌的增产效果显著优于叶面喷锌,且在土壤施锌的基础上配合叶面喷锌可进一步提高水稻产量。与S0F0相比,S0F1、S1F0、S1F1、S2F0和S2F1�【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer and the differences in the effects of different zinc fertilizer application methods on rice yield and grain zinc bioavailability.【Method】The field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020.The first field experiment(Experiment 1)in 2019 aimed to explore the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer application.Four rice varieties were selected,including Xiadao No.1,Xiadao No.2,Runxiangyu,and Longliangyou3463,with two treatments of no zinc application(CK)and zinc application(+Zn),and the differences in the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer application were investigated.The second field experiment(Experiment 2)in 2020 aimed to explore the effects of different zinc fertilizer application methods on rice yield and grain zinc bioavailability.Based on the experiment in 2019,two high-yielding rice varieties,including Xiadao No.1 and Longliangyou3463,were selected to continue the study.Six treatments were set:no zinc application to soil(S0F0),soil application of 15 kg·hm^(-2) zinc(S1F0),soil application of 30 kg·hm^(-2) zinc(S2F0),foliar spray of 0.5%ZnSO_(4) at flowering stage(S0F1),soil application of 15 kg·hm^(-2) zinc+foliar spray of 0.5%ZnSO_(4) at flowering stage(S1F1),and soil application of 30 kg·hm^(-2) zinc+foliar spray of 0.5%ZnSO_(4) at flowering stage(S2F1),and the differences in the effects of different zinc application methods on yield and grain zinc bioavailability of two rice varieties were investigated.【Result】In experiment 1,there were significant differences in the response of different rice varieties to zinc fertilizer.After zinc application,the yields of Xiadao No.1,Xiadao No.2,Runxiangyu,and Longliangyou3463 increased by 4.4%,11.6%,7.9%,and 4.8%,respectively.The increase in yield was mainly attributed to the increase in effective panicle number and grain-setting rate.Compared with CK,the average effective panicle number of the four rice va

关 键 词：水稻品种 锌肥 施用方式 产量 籽粒锌有效性 锌营养强化 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]