多层建筑结构抗震缺陷分析  

Analysis of the Aseismic Defects in Multi-Storey Buildings

作　　者：阿拉塔 郭迅[2] 董孝曜 董策 罗若帆 王波[2] A Lata;GUO Xun;DONG Xiaoyao;DONG Ce;LUO Ruofan;WANG Bo(Yunnan Earthquake Agency,Kunming 650024,Yunnan,China;Institute of Disaster Prevention,Sanhe 065201,Hebei,China;Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang,China;Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100081,China;School of Civil Engineering,Jiaying University,Meizhou 514015,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地震局,云南昆明650224 [2]防灾科技学院,河北三河065201 [3]中国地震局工程力学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [4]中国地震局地球物理研究所,北京100081 [5]嘉应学院土木工程学院,广东梅州514015

出　　处：《地震研究》2024年第4期563-578,共16页Journal of Seismological Research

基　　金：云南省地震科技创新团队(CXTD202401);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52278489);河北省高等学校科学研究项目(BJK2022066).

摘　　要：我国强震多发、震灾严重,小震致灾、大震巨灾的状况时有发生,而多层建筑倒塌则是造成人员伤亡的主要因素。针对这些问题,基于2008年汶川8.0级地震以来川滇地区发生的十余次6.0级以上地震震害调查资料,对比了“破坏”与“未破坏”建筑的结构形式、建筑平立面布置、抗侧力构件分布及结构体系,剖析了建筑结构震害特点,总结了房屋破坏、倒塌的原因。认为在强地震中,建筑结构发生破坏及倒塌是因为其自身存在“散”“脆”“偏”“单”等抗震缺陷,其中“偏”的缺陷更为普遍。通过试验研究发现,墙体的约束使结构同层各抗侧力构件的力学性能相差巨大,即硬脆构件和弱延构件同层并存,这有别于传统抗震设计理论将同层所有构件同等对待的情况。Earthquakes frequently occur in China;minor earthquakes may cause disasters and major earthquakes may cause catastrophes.And the collapse of multi-storey buildings is a major factor causing the loss of life.Aiming at these problems,and based on the earthquake damage data from the field investigation of a dozen of devastate earthquakes(M≥6.0)that have occurred in Sichuan and Yunnan since the 2008 Wenchuan M_(S)8.0 earthquake,this paper firstly compares the structural forms,plan and facade arrangement of buildings,distribution of lateral components,and structural system of the“damaged”and the“undamaged”buildings,then analyzes the seismic damage characteristics of the structures,and finally summarizes the causes of the buildings'damage and collapse.It is believed that in the strong-earthquake event,the damage and collapse of the buildings are due to their own aseismic defects such as“dispersion”,“brittleness”,“eccentricity”,“singleness”.Among these defects,“eccentricity”in buildings is more common.Through the experimental research,it is found that the constraint of walls makes the mechanical properties of the lateral components of the same level of a building vary greatly,that is,the hard and brittle components and the weakly-extended components coexist on the same floor of a building.This is different from the traditional seismic design theory,which equally treats all components on the same floor of buildings.Finally,this paper analyzes the“eccentricity”defect of the damaged buildings in these over ten earthquake disasters,and proposes the Deformation Saturation theory that can more reasonably explain the damage and collapse of the buildings in earthquake disaster areas.

关 键 词：震害调查 倒塌机理 硬脆构件 弱延构件 变形饱和 倒塌触发点 

分 类 号：TU973.31[建筑科学—结构工程]