修枝强度对樟树幼林生长和光合特性的影响  

Effects of pruning intensity on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of young plantations of Camphora officinarum

作　　者：刘新亮 张月婷 郑永杰[1] 符潮 高伟[1] 章挺[1] LIU Xinliang;ZHANG Yueting;ZHENG Yongjie;FU Chao;GAO Wei;ZHANG Ting(Jiangxi Academy of Forestry/Camphor Engineering and Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省林业科学院/国家林业草原樟树工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2024年第2期102-110,共9页Subtropical Agriculture Research

基　　金：江西省林业科学院基础研究与人才科研专项“材用樟树第一代育种群体构建”(2024512701);国家重点研发计划项目“樟树等高效培育技术研究”(2016YFD0600605)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究樟树幼林生长和光合特性对修枝强度的响应,为樟树人工林的定向培育提供技术支撑。[方法]以5年生樟树人工林为研究对象,分别设置修去1/4、1/3和1/2树高以下的分枝(T_(1)~T_(3)处理)3个强度,以不修枝为对照(CK),比较不同修枝强度对材用樟树生长、伤口愈合和光合特性的影响。[结果]修枝后第1年,樟树的胸径和单株材积生长受到抑制,表现出随修枝强度的增大而降低的趋势;修枝后第2年,各处理胸径和单株材积增长量均有所提升,且T_(2)处理单株材积增长量显著高于CK。修枝2 a后,各处理间胸径总增长量差异不显著,但T_(1)~T_(3)处理的树高总增长量显著高于CK;T_(2)处理的树高和单株材积总增长量最大,且显著高于其他处理。不同调查时期樟树的修枝伤口愈合率均随修枝强度和伤口离地高度的增大而升高,伤口完全愈合率则随伤口离地高度的增大而升高。T_(1)、T_(2)处理可显著提高樟树叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))和瞬时羧化效率(CE)。[结论]修去1/3树高以下的分枝(T 2处理)为樟树幼林适宜的修枝强度,既不影响樟树正常生长,又能促进优良树体的建成。[Purpose]The response of pruning intensity to the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of young Camphora officinarum trees was investigated to provide technical support for targeted cultivation of C.officinarum plantations.[Method]In a 5-year-old C.officinarum plantation,three pruning treatments(T_(1)-T_(3))with pruning branches below 1/4,1/3,and 1/2 of tree height were applied,and the non-pruning group was used as the control(CK)to analyze the effects of pruning intensity on the growth,wound healing,and photosynthetic characteristics of C.officinarum timber trees.[Result]The results showed that the diameter at breast height(DBH)and individual volume growth of C.officinarum were inhibited in the first year after pruning,showing a trend of decreasing with the increase of pruning intensity.In the second year after pruning,the DBH and individual volume growth of each treatment increased,and the individual volume growth of T_(2)treatment was significantly higher than that of CK.After two years following pruning,the differences in DBH increment were insignificant among pruning treatments,while the total increase in tree height among the T_(1)-T_(3)treatments was significantly higher than that of CK.The maximum increase in tree height and individual volume was observed at T 2,which was significantly higher than other treatments.The healing rate of pruned wounds of C.officinarum showed a gradually increasing trend with the increase of pruning height and wound height above ground at different times of investigation,and the complete healing rate of pruned wounds showed a gradually increasing trend with the increase of wound height above ground.T_(1)and T_(2)could significantly improve the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency(CE)of leaves.[Conclusion]1/3 pruning height(T_(2))is the appropriate pruning height for young plantation of C.officinarum,which does not affect normal growth and promotes the stem form of young plantation.

关 键 词：樟树 修枝强度 生长 伤口愈合 光合特性 

分 类 号：S792.23[农业科学—林木遗传育种]