美国户外广告牌监管的历史考察——以1965年的《公路美化法》为中心  

A Historical Review of Outdoor Billboard Regulation in the United States:A Case Study of Highway Beautification Act of 1965

作　　者：王法刚 滕海键[2] Wang Fagang;Teng Haijian

机构地区：[1]渤海大学法学院 [2]辽宁大学环境史与经济社会可持续发展研究院,辽宁沈阳110000

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2024年第4期104-115,158,共13页Journal of Poyang Lake

基　　金：辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助;辽宁大学2024年度亚洲研究中心项目《东北近代铁路兴建与区域现代化研究》(Y202402)。

摘　　要：自20世纪初以来,美国的汽车保有和使用量迅速增加,导致了大规模的公路建设。几乎与此同时,在商业繁荣的背景下,公路沿线的户外广告牌不断增加,严重影响景观环境,但这一问题并未得到有效的监管。20世纪60年代,在环境主义兴起的背景下,约翰逊总统提出了“新保护主义”理念,并积极推动环保立法,《公路美化法》得以出台。然而,《公路美化法》通过后,户外广告牌的监管因面临着资金不足、行业抵制以及违宪指控等诸多挑战,最终并未取得实效。尽管如此,美国监管和治理户外广告牌的历史实践,以及1965年通过的《公路美化法》所体现的新的环境理念,至今依然值得关注。这些实践和理念一方面反映了美国人对生活质量的追求,另一方面则反映了现代商业主义的强大影响。Since the early 20th century,the ownership and usage of automobiles in the United States have rapidly increased,leading to large-scale highway construction.Almost simultaneously,in the context of commercial prosperity,outdoor billboards along highways continue to increase,becoming a serious problem affecting the landscape.However,this problem was not initially effectively regulated.In the 1960s,against the backdrop of the rise of environmentalism,President Johnson proposed the concept of“New Conservation”and actively promoted environmental legislation.In 1965,the Highway Beautification Act was enacted.However,after the Act’s passage,the regulation of outdoor billboards faced many challenges such as insufficient funding,industry resistance,and unconstitutional accusations,ultimately failing to achieve any actual effect.In spite of this,the historical practices of regulating and governing outdoor billboards in the U.S.,along with the new environmental ideas embodied in the 1965 Highway Beautification Act,remain noteworthy today.These ideas reflect Americans’pursuit of quality of life,while the Act’s failure highlights the powerful influence of modern commercialism.

关 键 词：户外广告牌 公路美化法 林登·约翰逊 环保主义 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学]