水力发电机组水力稳定性研究进展与挑战  

Progressand Future Challengesin Stability Research of Hydroelectric Units

作　　者：王文全 郭涛[2] 王秀 喻智锋 WANG Wenquan;GUO Tao;WANG Xiu;YU Zhifeng(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,650093,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]昆明理工大学建筑工程学院,云南昆明650500 [3]昆明理工大学冶金能源工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期179-190,共12页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52179087,52369017).

摘　　要：在“双碳”目标的驱动下,风电和光伏发电将发展成为电网的主导电源.但风光间歇性强、波动大,水电具有规模匹配、调节能力强等特点.因此,以水电为先导,通过“风光水储”互补,形成流域内大型综合能源开发及运行的新格局,是实现“双碳”目标的关键助力,也正在推动世界范围内现有水电站的大力发展.但同时随着水电功能由“发电为主”向“发电+调节并重”的转变,其安全稳定控制也将面临前所未有的挑战;一方面,常规水电机组在更大的运行范围内需要更大的灵活性、更安全的运行和更高的效率,这是水力发电界研究新技术的主要动力,要求水电机组的水力、机械、电磁和结构设计理念和运行模式更新换代.另一方面,常规同步转速运行水电机组已开始显现出其缺点,主要表现为在非设计工况下由于运行灵活性不足而导致的效率下降、运行不稳定以及结构失效.超宽功率稳定灵活运行机组虽然不是一个新的想法,但作为解决当今水电行业一些技术挑战的可能方法,它将显著增加机组的运行范围和灵活性,有利于提升可再生能源的份额,凸显加强超宽功率水电机组关键核心技术研究的紧迫性和必要性.Driven by the“dual carbon”goal,wind and photovoltaic power generation will develop into the dominant power sources in the power grid.But the scenery is intermittent,volatile and uncontrollable.And hydropower has the characteristics of scale matching and strong regulation ability.Therefore,complementing wind,solar and water storage to form a new pattern for the development of large-scale clean energy bases in river basins is a key support for achieving the“dual carbon”goal and is also promoting the vigorous development of existing hydropower stations worldwide.But at the same time,with the transformation of hydropower function from“power generation”to“power generation+regulation”,its security and stability control will also face unprecedented challenges:On the one hand,traditional hydropower units require greater flexibility,safer operation and higher efficiency within a larger operating range,which is the main driving force for the research of new technologies in the hydropower industry.This requires the updating and upgrading of the hydraulic,mechanical,electromagnetic and structural design concepts and operating modes of hydropower units.On the other hand,traditional synchronous speed operation of hydroelectric units has begun to show its shortcomings,mainly manifested in efficiency decline,unstable operation,and structural failure due to insufficient operational flexibility under nondesign conditions.Although the stable and flexible operation of ultra-wide power units is not a new idea,as a possible solution to some technical challenges in the current hydropower industry,it will significantly increase the operating range and flexibility of units,which is conducive to increasing the share of renewable energy,highlighting the urgency and necessity of strengthening the research on key core technologies of ultra-wide power hydropower units.

关 键 词：水电机组 稳定性 研究进展 研究挑战 

分 类 号：TV734.2[水利工程—水利水电工程]