供排水系统中全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFAS)的检测与去除研究进展  

Research Progress on Determination and Removal of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances(PFAS)in Water Supply and Drainage Systems

作　　者：蒋晓倩 郭俊敏 田川 杨芳[1,2] 魏锦程 JIANG Xiaoqian;GUO Junmin;TIAN Chuan;YANG Fang;WEI Jincheng(Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Drinking Water Safety and Security,Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,Beijing 100044,China;China Academy of Urban Planning&Design,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]住房城乡建设部饮用水安全保障工程技术创新中心,北京100044 [2]中国城市规划设计研究院,北京100044

出　　处：《净水技术》2024年第8期31-39,134,共10页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目:黄河流域污染源数据库与风险源分布热点图(2021YFC3200802)。

摘　　要：随着工业的发展,全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFAS)在日常生活和生产中的应用日益广泛,对水环境的影响呈加剧趋势。由于PFAS良好的水溶性,其可以随着水循环在环境中迁移转化,最终对人体健康产生不利影响。因此,中国和欧美国家已着手制定相关标准和法律法规,以限制PFAS的使用。在系统性总结水环境中PFAS的来源、浓度和转化过程的基础上,文章对比了色谱法、总可氧化前体(TOP)法和传感器等检测方法以及传统物化生方法、高级氧化技术以及焚烧工艺等去除技术,旨在为PFAS的监测与控制提供理论支持。结果表明,饮用水中PFAS质量浓度普遍超过0.1 ng/L,且PFAS在供排水处理过程中的去除存在两大局限:一是检测技术仅能覆盖少数PFAS类型;二是目前的去除方法无法彻底消除PFAS风险,或导致去除率差,或转化为短链氟化物,引发更多潜在环境风险。With the development of industry,per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are being used more and more widely in daily life and production,and the impact on water environment is intensified.Due to the good water-solubility,PFAS can be migrated and transformed in the environment with the water cycle,which will ultimately affect human health.Therefore,China,Europe and the United States have begun to develop relevant standards and laws and regulations to restrict the use of PFAS.Based on a systematic summary of the sources,concentrations and transformation processes of PFAS in the water environment,detection methods such as chromatography,Total Oxidizable Precursor(TOP)assay and sensors,as well as removal technologies such as traditional physicochemical and biochemical methods,advanced oxidation technology and incineration process are compared,aiming to provide theoretical support for the monitoring and control of PFAS.The results show that the concentration of PFAS in drinking water generally exceedes 0.1 ng/L,and there are two major limitations in the removal of PFAS in water supply and drainage processes,one is that the detection techniques could only cover a few types of PFAS,and the other is that the current removal methods can not completely eliminate the risk of PFAS,or the removal rate is poor,or it is transformed into short-chain fluoride,which triggers more potential environmental risks.

关 键 词：全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFAS) 供排水 水处理 色谱法 高级氧化技术 光催化氧化 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程] TU992