反思现代西方“神话”历史:“古希腊起源”、霸权意识和回溯式目的论  

Reflections on the History of Modern Western Mythology:"The Origins of Ancient Greek",Hegemonic Consciousness and Retrospective Teleology

作　　者：梁孝[1] LIANG Xiao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期1-14,共14页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国社会科学院-上海市人民政府上海研究院项目“习近平文化思想的科学内涵、鲜明特征和原创性贡献研究”(项目编号:2023jb025);中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(项目编号:DF2023YS01)。

摘　　要：神话历史是指以解释和维护现实为目标而构建的历史,它往往遮蔽真实的历史。由于存在巨大的可信文字记录断裂期、现实政治的需要和现代西方史学作为民族国家神圣化工具的地位等重要因素,西方史学中存在大量神话历史。西方文明的“古希腊起源”论是现代西方神话历史构架的基石。它并非古已有之,而是出现于17世纪末18世纪初,是随着资本主义发展而形成的新的欧洲文化自我意识在历史中投射的产物。以西欧为中心的资本主义兴起的历史进程,也是欧洲全球霸权形成的过程。新的欧洲文化自我意识在进行自我解释时,同时也是在对欧洲霸权进行解释。新的欧洲文化自我意识渗透着霸权意识。当它投射于历史时,霸权意识形成西方神话历史的五大迷思:西方文明特质论、西方文明内在发展论、西方文明天定命运论、西方文明世界引领论、西方文明使命论。回溯式目的论是西方神话历史谬误产生的重要的认识论根源,它衍生三大方法论错误:以结果做原因,预设西方文明特质;寻找相似性,虚构内在连续性;将历史目的论化、泛道德化。Mythological history refers to the history constructed with the goal of explaining and maintaining reality,which often obscures the real history.Due to important factors such as the huge rupture periods of credible written records,the need for realpolitik,and the status of modern Western historiography as a tool for the sacralization of the nation-state,there is a substantial proportion of mythological history in Western historiography.The theory of"the origin of ancient Greece"in Western civilization is the cornerstone of the historical framework of modern Western mythological history.It did not started from ancient times,but emerged in the late 17th and early 18th centuries as a result of the historical projection of a new European cultural self-consciousness that formed with the development of capitalism.The historical process of the rise of capitalism centered in Western Europe is also the process of the formation of Europe's global hegemony.The new self-consciousness of European culture is not only interpreting itself,but also interpreting European hegemony.The new European cultural self-consciousness is permeated with a hegemonic consciousness.When it is projected on history,hegemonic consciousness forms the five major myths of modern Western mythological history:the theory of the characteristics of Western civilization,the theory of the internal development of Western civilization,the theory of the destiny of Western civilization,the theory of the world leadership of Western civilization,and the theory of the mission of Western civilization.Retrospective teleology is an important epistemological source of the historical fallacy of modern Western mythological history,which generates three methodological errors:taking the result as the cause and presupposing the characteristics of Western civilization,searching for similarities and fabricating inner continuity,and materializing and moralizing history.

关 键 词：现代西方神话历史 欧洲文化自我意识 中华民族现代文明 回溯式目的论 

分 类 号：B932[哲学宗教—宗教学]