差别原则与共同富裕:罗尔斯与马克思的正义观之辨识及融合  

The Principle of Difference and Common Prosperity:Identification and Integration of Rawls'and Marx's Views on Justice

作　　者：丛占修 CONG Zhanxiu

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期96-110,共15页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费“党的二十大精神专题研究”重点项目“政治哲学视野下全人类共同价值研究”(项目编号:2023ESD04)。

摘　　要：天赋与出身、运气与努力的区分已成为贫富差距研究的基本前提,消除后天社会运气的影响,承认天赋差别的合理性,建构敏于努力、钝于运气的社会正义观念成为多数学者的共识。由此审视罗尔斯与马克思正义观之间的关系,可以揭示两者之间的深层关联。罗尔斯的差别原则旨在调整个人天赋差别导致的不平等,建构影响个人选择和努力的公平社会结构。马克思的共同富裕理想聚焦于改变资本主义阶级差别的不合理性,同时承认社会主义基于天赋差别之上的按劳分配原则的限制。罗尔斯和马克思的社会正义理论都关切社会中的弱势群体利益,体现了平等主义的价值承诺,蕴含着个体之间基于互惠合作关系形成的命运与共的人类共同体观念。The distinction between talent and background,as well as luck and effort,has become a fundamental prerequisite for studying the wealth gap.Eliminating the influence of acquired social luck,acknowledging the rationality of talent differences,and constructing a social justice concept that is sensitive to effort and insensitive to luck have become a consensus among most scholars.By examining the relationship between Rawls'and Marx's views on justice,we can reveal the deep connection between the two.Rawls'Difference Principle aims to adjust the inequality caused by individual differences in talent and construct a fair social structure for individual choices and efforts.Marx's ideal of common prosperity focuses on changing the irrationality of the capitalist class differences,while acknowledging the limitations of the socialist principle of distribution according to work based on innate differences.Both Rawls'and Marx's theories of social justice concern the interests of disadvantaged groups in society,reflecting the value commitment of egalitarianism and containing the concept of a shared human community based on mutual benefit and cooperation among individuals.

关 键 词：差别原则 共同富裕 罗尔斯 马克思 正义观 

分 类 号：F091.3[经济管理—政治经济学] F091.91[政治法律—政治学] D091[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] A81