《哥达纲领批判》视域下马克思正义观探析  

An Analysis of Marx's View of Justice from the Perspective of Critique of the Gotha Program

作　　者：张晶晶 ZHANG Jingjing

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院 [2]中国社会科学院

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期111-126,共16页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心重点项目“新发展阶段促进全体人民共同富裕研究”(项目编号:21LLMLB017)。

摘　　要：在《哥达纲领批判》中,马克思以唯物史观为根本立论依据,通过对拉萨尔正义观内在结构的立体化剖析,深刻揭示了资产阶级正义原则的虚幻性。这种正义试图以简单商品生产层面的正义观念为资本主义生产方式的非正义性作辩护。虽然拉萨尔以社会劳动为基础,以平等的权利和公正的分配为主旨,以自由的国家为根本落脚点,建构了以所有权为核心的资产阶级正义观的基本雏形,但遮蔽了资本主义统治的意识形态本质,根本上忽略了正义的物质基础,从而使这种正义观具有自身无法克服的内在悖论。唯有扬弃生产方式的私有制属性,克服劳动者与生产资料的内在背离,才能超越资产阶级正义观的意识形态幻象。马克思正义观彰显了批判逻辑与建构逻辑的统一,它内含于马克思的正义理念中,是资本主义内部矛盾和社会客观规律发展之必然,集中体现了马克思以“批判旧世界建构新世界”的理论夙愿。正是这种剖析正义的历史唯物主义范式,对于深入理解现阶段的公平正义问题和推进全体人民的共同富裕具有启示意义。In Critique of the Gotha Program,Marx takes the historical materialism as the fundamental basis,and deeply reveals the illusory nature of the bourgeois justice principle through the three-dimensional analysis of the internal structure of Lassalle's justice concept,which attempts to justify the injustice of the capitalist mode of production with the concept of justice at the level of simple commodity production.Although Lassalle took social labor as the basis,equal rights and fair distribution as the theme,and free country as the fundamental foothold,he constructed the basic prototype of bourgeois justice concept with ownership as the core.However,it covers the ideological essence of capitalist rule and fundamentally ignores the material basis of justice,so that this view of justice has its own inherent paradox that cannot be overcome.Only by abolishing the private property of the mode of production and overcoming the internal deviation between the laborer and the means of production can we transcend the ideological illusion of the bourgeois view of justice.Marx's concept of justice manifests the unity of critical logic and constructive logic.It is the inevitable development of the internal contradictions of capitalism and the objective laws of society and embodies Marx's theoretical aspiration of"criticizing the old world and constructing a new world".It is this historical materialism paradigm of analyzing justice that has enlightening significance for in-depth understanding of fairness and justice issues at the present stage and promoting common prosperity of all people.

关 键 词：《哥达纲领批判》 拉萨尔正义观 马克思正义观 唯物史观 批判逻辑 建构逻辑 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D0[政治法律—政治学]