社会体育活动中其他参加者的过错认定--以体育规则为分析视角  

The identification of faults for other participants in social sports activity--From the analysis perspective of sports rules

作　　者：裴健宇 陈彦晶 PEI Jianyu;CHEN Yanjing(School of Law,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China;School of Law,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]西南财经大学法学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《体育学刊》2024年第4期47-54,共8页Journal of Physical Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“《民法典》时代公司法体系化方法研究”(20BFX120)。

摘　　要：对于《民法典》第1176条其他参加者故意或者重大过失的认定问题,原则上,体育规则违反与否可以作为认定侵权人主观上具有包含故意以及重大过失的严重过错的一种方法。但并非所有违反体育规则致人损害的行为均可认定为严重过错。判断社会体育侵权过错问题,应当将体育项目类型化,将系争纠纷具体至不同类型体育项目下讨论体育侵权过错问题。对于非对抗性运动,其他参加者违反体育规则致人损害的即认定其为严重过错;对于对抗性运动中隔网对抗运动,违反体育规则造成损害后果的行为亦认定为严重过错;对于对抗性运动中同场竞技运动,应在一般犯规同时该犯规超出了体育运动固有风险以及严重犯规时构成严重过错;对于对抗性运动中格斗对抗类运动,其他参加人违反体育规则造成损害后果的,只能认定为严重过错的必要非充分条件,还应当考量被侵害人的行为。Given that the Article 1176 of the Civil Code,other participants'intentional or major negligence issues,whether sports rules violate or not can be principally used as a method of identifying the infringer subjectively,which contains serious faults of intentional and major faults.However,not all acts that violate sports rules can be identified as severe faults.To judge the problem of social sports infringement,the sports projects should be typed,and the disputes are also specific to discuss sports infringement faults in different types of sports.Regarding the non-resistant movements,other participants who violate sports rules could be determined to be severe faults;as for net-separated competition movement of confrontational sports,they are also identified as serious faults for the consequences of damage to the consequences of damage to the consequences of damage;for competitive movements in the same sports,the foul should be more faulty when the general fouls exceed the inherent risk of sports and the severe fouls;and as for fighting against fighting in the confrontation sports,other participants causing the consequences of damage to the rules of sports,only the consequences of damage could be considered as a necessary but insufficient conditions for serious faults,and it should be also considered with the behavior of victim.

关 键 词：体育法 体育侵权 自甘风险 严重过错 体育规则 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]