美国反恐机制沿革探析  

A Study on the Revolution of the U.S.Counterterrorism Mechanism

作　　者：张杨[1,2] Zhang Yang

机构地区：[1]苏州大学社会学院 [2]苏州大学东亚历史文化研究中心

出　　处：《美国研究》2024年第4期108-139,7,8,共34页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“美国反国际恐怖主义政策研究”(项目号:21FSSB020)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文依据美国自尼克松总统下令成立内阁反恐委员会开始至今与恐怖主义相关的政府档案文件,系统地考察了自尼克松政府至特朗普政府美国国家反恐机制形成、发展和演变的过程,分析得出美国反恐机制的建设具有以下特点:根据不同时期国际安全环境和反恐形势的变化,美国反恐机制所应对的战略目标具有鲜明的时代特征;美国反恐机制在政策决策层面采取的是部际合作模式,在政策执行层面秉承的是领导机构原则。决策机制与执行机制分立,决策机构绝不能参与或主导具体反恐政策的执行;定期评估制度是美国反恐机制得以不断改进的有效监督方式。研究发现,美国反恐机制存在难以克服的矛盾,即部际权力争斗。This article offers a broad historical review of the development and evolution of the American counterterrorism mechanism based on the national archives declassified by the U.S.government.Therefore,it identifies several characteristics of the U.S.counterterrorism mechanism.First,according to the changes in the international security environment and counter-terrorism situation,the strategic goals are addressed by the U.S.counter-terrorism mechanism and its distinct characteristics of the time.Second,the U.S.anti-terrorism mechanism adopts an interagency cooperative model in policy decision-making and adheres to its principle role as the lead agency in policy implementation.The decision-making mechanism and the executive mechanism are separate,and the decision-making mechanisms does not participate in or lead the implementation of specific anti-terrorism policies.Third,regular evaluation is a monitoring method that continuously adjusts and upgrades the U.S.counterterrorism mechanism.Lastly,there is an insurmountable contradiction in the construction of the U.S.counterterrorism mechanism,namely an inter-agency power struggle,which is one of the reasons why the U.S.anti-terrorism policy is sometimes inefficient.This article offers a summary and reflection on the process of U.S.counter terrorism mechanism that can provide a basic understanding.

关 键 词：美国军事与外交 反恐机制 部际合作 领导机构 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学] D871.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]