琉球·冲绳地位补论(下篇)  

A Supplementary Discussion of Ryukyu/Okinawa Status(PartⅡ)

作　　者：蒋立峰[1] Jiang Lifeng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所

出　　处：《日本学刊》2024年第3期132-168,171,共38页Japanese Studies

摘　　要：琉球群岛历经三次决定命运的历史性时刻:1879年被日本吞并,1945年被美国霸占,以及1972年遭美日合谋被“移交”日本。将琉球群岛基地化的驻日美军实际享有治外法权,使得当代琉球成为与古代琉球不同的“两属”之地。琉球命运如此,与其始终作为东亚地区大国角力场中的一枚棋子有很大关系,即琉球在二战期间及二战后的东亚地区中的地位变化,与美国、苏联、中国三大国在东亚的利益竞争以及国际冷战格局形成和东亚热战紧张持续有密切关系,其中美国的政策转换和中国政治形势演变更具决定性的意义。日本从东亚霸主跌落为地位低下甚至一度丧失主权的战败国,进而成为美国在东亚组建“仆从”集团的重要成员,也对琉球命运的走向产生了关键性影响。时至今日,琉球·冲绳的地位问题再次成为热点议题,冲绳人民要求撤走美军基地、保护家园和平、争取历史性主权的斗争得到周边国家人民的广泛关注。The Ryukyu Islands have experienced three pivotal moments in its history:being annexed by Japan in 1879,occupied by the U.S.in 1945,and"reverted"to Japan in 1972 through a collusion between the U.S.and Japan.The presence of U.S.military bases in the Ryukyu Islands grants them extraterritorial rights,transforming contemporary Ryukyu into a different"dual-subject"territory compared to ancient Ryukyu.The fate of Ryukyu is intricately linked to its role as a pawn in the power games of East Asia,particularly the shifts in its position during and after World War II,the competition for interests in East Asia between the U.S.,the Soviet Union,and China,and the formation of the international Cold War framework along with the enduring tensions in East Asia.The shifts of U.S.policies and sudden changes in China's political landscape play a decisive role in this context.Japan's transformation from an East Asian hegemon to a defeated nation with drastically reduced status,even temporarily losing sovereignty,led to its role as a significant member of the U.S.-led auxiliary group in East Asia,which crucially affected the trajectory of Ryukyu's fate.Today,the issue of Ryukyu/Okinawa's status has once again become a hot topic,with the people of Okinawa gaining widespread attention from neighbouring countries for their demands to remove U.S.military bases,protect their homeland peacefully,and strive for historical sovereignty.

关 键 词：琉球地位 冲绳战役 日本领土 美军基地 

分 类 号：D831.3[政治法律—政治学] E712[政治法律—外交学]