美欧经济胁迫话语重塑之路径分析与内在逻辑  

Economic Coercion:U.S.-EU's Discourse Remodeling and Internal Logic

作　　者：杨钊 Yang Zhao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2024年第4期122-142,共21页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：2023年国家社科基金年度项目“西方国家‘反经济胁迫’的国际法话语陷阱及中国对策研究”(项目编号:23BFX194)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：传统理解下的经济胁迫一般是指发达国家通过贸易、投资等方面的强迫性、限制性措施对发展中国家施加经济压力,从而影响其主权行为。反经济胁迫运动则一直是发展中国家反对发达国家干涉其主权行为的重要方式。近年来,美欧等发达经济体通过多层路径推动经济胁迫话语的重塑工作:一方面借助G7领导人会议、发布双边联合声明等一系列外交活动,以寻求共识联盟的方式重塑经济胁迫话语,扩大解释经济胁迫的内涵与外延,并有意区分经济胁迫与经济制裁;另一方面通过单边国内立法为其重塑的经济胁迫话语提供合法化、正当化基础,从而基于“寻求共识—创制规范”的演进路径将带有政治色彩的话语转变成法律语言。不仅如此,美欧等发达经济体还试图在多边层面将所谓的经济胁迫问题诉诸世界贸易组织争端解决机制,并着手启动“经济胁迫协调平台”。美欧等发达经济体重塑经济胁迫话语主要源于中国综合实力增强所引发的原有“不对称性相互依赖关系”之变化。其底层逻辑在于发达经济体在大国竞争中对权力与安全问题的关切。中国应该从认知层面关注美欧重塑经济胁迫话语及其深层逻辑。面对侵犯国家主权、安全、发展利益的行为,中国依据国内法实施的反制措施具有合法性与正当性。Economic coercion,with traditional understanding,refers to the process by which developed countries influence the sovereign acts of developing countries through coercive and restrictive measures related to trade and investment as a means of exerting political and economic pressure.In recent years,developed economies,such as the United States and the European Union,through a series of diplomatic activities,are remodeling economic coercion discourse in the form of seeking consensus in the alliance.Meanwhile,attempting to provide a legitimate basis for anti-economic coercion discourse through multilateral recourse to WTO dispute settlement,launching the"Coordination Platform on Economic Coercion"and unilateral domestic legislation,that is,transforming political discourse into legal language through the evolutionary path of"seeking consensus-creating norms".The traditional understanding of economic coercion arises from the asymmetric economic interdependence between countries,while the reshaping of economic coercion in the United States and Europe stems from the change of asymmetric interdependence caused by the enhancement of China's comprehensive strength.The underlying logic is the concern of developed economies on power and security issues.China has always opposed economic coercion and will take countermeasures in due course in the face of acts that infringe upon national sovereignty,security and development interests.

关 键 词：经济胁迫 经济制裁 反经济胁迫立法 不对称性相互依赖 国家安全 反制措施 不干涉原则 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学] F171.2[政治法律—国际法学] F15[政治法律—法学] F124[经济管理—世界经济]