遂志副词“毅然”的话语关联与情态结构  

On the Discursive Meaning of the Chinese Modal Adverb Yiran(毅然)

作　　者：赵春利 张博 ZHAO Chunli;ZHANG Bo(College of Liberal Arts,Jinan University;不详)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院中文系 [2]广东财经大学人文与传播学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2024年第4期542-557,共16页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“现代汉语方式副词的句法语义与分类排序研究”(22BYY135);广东省社科青年项目“动词与结果补语的组配规律与句法后果”(GD24YZY02)的资助。

摘　　要：本文以语义语法、语义整体论和语用整体论为理论基础,按照“从话语关联、句法分布到情态结构”这一由大及小、由表及里的逻辑顺序提取并验证副词“毅然”的“遂志革新”话语关联及其情态结构。第一,综述前人成果并指出函待解决的三个问题:缺乏基于话语分布的话语关联建构,缺乏基于句法分布的语义组配分析,缺乏基于逻辑关系的情态结构解析。第二,根据调查,建构“毅然”句的底层逻辑“外层转折、中层因果、内层选择”,而且从概念层面提出对应的语义关系“优劣旧势——势与志违——革除旧势——创立新局”,并根据“革旧创新”的隐性否定来建构“遂志革新”话语关联。第三,根据副词“毅然”的“述人主语陈述句状位”单句分布,从话语关联角度提取其句法分布的三个原则:结果句强制优先原则、革旧句自然分布原则和立新句分界凸显原则。第四,根据话语关联和句法分布,概括出“毅然”语义必须指向陈述句述人施事主语,因而具有“认知的志向性、意决的慎重性、态度的果断性、意志的坚定性”的情态结构。Yiran(毅然),as a Chinese modal adverb,expresses a determination or firm resolution to take upon a certain task,according to various versions of The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary.It has been studied in terms of word class,syntax and semantics,but few studies have dealt with its discourse meaning.Based on the theories of semantic grammar,semantic holism and pragmatic holism,this paper presents a multi-dimensional investigation into this modal adverb to discuss its meaning in discourse.With a data-driven method,this paper aims at providing a thorough description of its logic relations to related clauses in discourse,a clear generalization of its syntactic distribution with regard to sentence types,and a principled explanation of its modal meaning.The discussion starts with a literature review on yiran,including its definition in dictionaries.We then offer an alternative proposal of its meaning in connected discourse,which is:yiran implies a multi-layer logic of"outer adversatives,middle causes and effects,and inner selections".More specifically,it is used to express the agent's firm determination to"give up the old and engage into a new(great)cause",suggesting a conceptual inference of"judging the current situation,being against one's ambition,giving up the old,and opening up a new field".Syntactically,it is found that yiyan functions as an adverb usually in declarative sentences with a person or personal pronouns as the subject rather than in the interrogative,the imperative and the exclamative sentences.And it occurs between the subject and the predicate,not before the subject as the agent.Yiran often modifies verbs such as jueding(决定)‘to decide’and xuanbu(宣布)‘to declare’in a sentence introducing the effect rather than the cause of an event.Additionally,it naturally modifies such verbs as fangqi(放弃)‘to give up’and cidiao(辞掉)‘to resign'to express the determination to give up if the effect sentence is a complex one.It can also modify verbs such as chuangban(创办)‘to establish'an

关 键 词：“毅然” 遂志革新 势与志违 意志坚定 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]