明代广西平乱策略之争与土兵轮戍制度的形成  

The Debate on Policy Pacifying Guangxi and System of Rotating Defence in Ming

作　　者：任建敏[1] Ren Jianmin

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史人类学研究中心、历史学系,510275

出　　处：《史林》2024年第3期96-109,218,共15页Historical Review

基　　金：教育部2023年度人文社科规划基金项目“明清国家转型视域下的广西边疆社会治理研究”(项目批准号:23YJA770009)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：广西土兵在明朝两广军事防卫体系中有着重要地位,与广西卫所军、外省班军共同组成了明朝在广西的主要军事力量。永乐以来,围绕桂西土兵的征调,广西当局与土官之间逐渐形成互相认可的征调常例,桂西土兵在广西兵防体系中的地位愈发凸显。在明中叶广西关于大征与雕剿两种平乱策略争论中,雕剿之法占了上风。而要维持雕剿之法,关键是要使作为征调主力的桂西土兵常驻桂东听从调遣。从正德十六年起,桂林、梧州、柳州等桂东重镇都逐渐形成土兵轮戍制度,土兵取代外省班军成为地方军事行动的主力,并在雕剿中发挥了重要作用。万历初年以后,随着广西此起彼伏的动乱局面得到了较大改善,轮戍土兵的数额逐渐减少,但其制度安排一直维持到明末。The present paper, reconstructing the history of the role that indigenous soldiers played in quelling rebel⁃lions in Guangxi, reminds readers that soldiers from the western Guangxi did do an excellent job andhelped those, who preferred the localization of defence rather than transfer of troops from other regions,have the upper hand and consequently from 1521, the system of rotating defence performed by indigenoussoldiers in place of troops of other provinces was put into effect.

关 键 词：明代 广西土兵 雕剿 轮戍 班军 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]