法团与民治——1922年八团体国是会议新探  

Corporative Organizations and Democracy:Rethinking the 1922 Eight Organizations'Conference on National Affairs

作　　者：徐佳贵[1] XU Jiagui

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院历史研究所,200235

出　　处：《史林》2024年第3期163-179,219,共18页Historical Review

摘　　要：经历五四运动,国人越发重视如何借由组织团体实施联合,并由“会”而“议”,谋求民主民治的实现。八团体国是会议,是民国前期唯一一次由社会团体主导,组织多省区、多业界团体共同参加的全国政治会议,同时意味着社会团体有意以其联合形态取代国会的某些职能。会议缘起涉及直皖战争后的朝野互动格局变化,及东南地域与团体在国中的特殊地位。会议过程以省级教育界与大埠商界法团为中心,谋求联合各方,代表“国民”会商国是。但此次跨区叠加跨界的联合广度空前的实践,致使法团暴露出组织能力的限度。晚清以来各地“民”之精英的联合,在五四之后达到巅峰水平,但此种标榜国民“自动”“自决”的联合最终让位于新型革命政党领导下的团体联合。The present paper,shedding light on the national affairs meeting organized by eight corporative organiza⁃tions in 1922,which was attended by multiple provinces and sectors and aspired to replace the parliament in some aspects,objectively observed that such a transregional,transsectoral practice was actually beyond the reach of corporative organization and the elitist association advertising self⁃determination or self⁃gov⁃ernment since late Qing was inevitably replaced by the united groups led by new revolutionary parties.

关 键 词：国是会议 法团 社会团体 民治 江苏省教育会 

分 类 号：K261.2[历史地理—历史学]